Animal management. 1923 / prepared in the Veterinary department of the War office.

  • Great Britain. War Office
Date:
1923
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Animal management. 1923 / prepared in the Veterinary department of the War office. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    capable of still wider distension, if necessary, to increase the air supply, while oxen and camels, not being required to go such a pace, are provided respectively with a rigid, thick-edged opening and a pendulous slit. The Larynx, the organ which produces the voice, is situated in the The throat between the branches of the lower jaw, where it may be readily /arynz. felt. Its body is made of cartilages, which are jointed together so that the surrounding muscles can narrow or widen its calibre. Food and water pass over its opening on their way down the gullet, and in order to prevent their entrance a lid is provided which closes auto- matically, and with water-tight accuracy, whenever the animal swallows. Coughing and difficulty in swallowing are immediately Coughing. experienced if there is anything the matter with the opening (the glottis), or the lid (the epiglottis), e.g., duringasore throat. Inside Glottis. are two thick elastic cords, so placed as to form a triangular opening Epigloitis, with the floor of the organ; when the calibre is varied by the action ca! of the muscles, the edges of the cords are rendered tense or slack, thin cords. or thick according to the strain placed upon them, and as the distance between them is widened or narrowed at the same time, the rush of air through this constantly varying aperture produces the sounds of the voice. If they are stretched to their utmost, and brought close together, a high note results, while relaxation and separation of their edges gives a deep tone. The windpipe extends from the larynx to the lungs; it runs along The wind- the lower border of the neck, and can be easily felt as far down as the pipe. entrance to the chest. It is composed of rings of cartilage (gristle), the ends of which overlap each other, and as this arrangement permits it to withstand considerable pressure, it is not often injured. It is lined by microscopic hairs, constantly agitated in an upward direction, by means of which phlegm is brought up from the lungs. At the entrance to the chest the windpipe divides, one branch going to each lung, and from this on, they divide and divide until they become very minute, when they lose their gristly rings, and become thin membranous tubes, which continue to divide in the same fashion. The ultimate divisions expand suddenly into little, mulberry shaped balloons (aiv vesicles), the walls of which are so thin that they allow the gases of the air and blood to pass freely from one to the other. The Lungs (lights) are two large, elastic organs which, except for re bis ights).
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