Land and fresh water mollusks / by William H. Dall. Hydroids / C.C. Nutting.

  • Dall, William Healey, 1845-1927.
Date:
[1910]
    Paludina lustrica Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 11, p. 175, 1821. Pomatiopsis lustrica Binney, Land and Fw. Sh. N. Am., hi, p. 94, fig. 189, 1865, Cayuga Lake, N. Y. Range. — Eastern North America from Georgia to Iowa and Hudson Bay. Moose Factory, N. Lat. 51 °, on Hudson Bay. There is some doubt as to whether Say’s lustrica is the young of his iapidaria or not. I have fol- lowed the general usage in uniting them. If they should prove dis- tinct it is, according to Mr. Binney, the P. lustrica which occurs in the Northwest and on the watershed south of Hudson Bay. Family VALVATIDAJ. Genus Valvata Muller. Valvata Muller, Hist. Verm., 11, p. 198, 1774 ; sole ex. V cristata Muller, Europe ; Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. 239, 1776. — Draparnaud, Tableau, pp. 30, 42, 1801 ; Hist. Moll. Terr, et Fluv. France, pp. 26, 28, 41, 1805.—Roissy, Hist. Nat. Moll., v, p. 379, 1805. — Lamarck, Hist. An. s. Vert., vi, 2, p. 171, 1822. Valvata + Valvearus Dum£ril, Zool. Anal., p. 164, 1806. (?) Cincinna Hubner, Zwei Briefe, 1, 1810, fide Menke, in Herrmannsen, Ind. Gen. Mai. Suppl., p. 50, 1852. Gyrorbis Fitzinger, Verz, p. 117, 1833 ; type // cristata Muller. > Valvata Fitzinger, Verz, p. 117, 1833; type V. piscinalis (Muller). Planella Schluter, Syst. Verz. Conchyliensammlung, p. 13, 1838 ; sole ex. Valvata cristata Muller. Volvata Berge, Conch. Buch, pp. 17, 20, 26, 1847 ; err. typ.? Tropidina H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 1, pp. 343, 344, 1854, type V tricarinata Lesueur, N. Am. Concinna •Hubner,’ fide H. and A. Adams, op. cit., p. 343, 1854. > Valvata Schluter, op. cit., p. 13, 1854 ; V. piscinalis Fer. > Cincinna Morch, Vidensk. Meddel. for 1863, p. 321, 1864.—Wester - lund, Fauna Pal. Reg., vi, pp. 131, 132, 1886. (Type V piscinalis Muller ?) > Tropidina Morch (not Adams), Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob., for 1863, p. 320, 1864, V. minuta Drap., 1st sp. > Ielskia Bourguignat, Descr. Nouv. Gen. Alg., 1877, V. jelskii Crosse, 1863, Russia, named for Prof. Jelski, of Kieff. > Jelskia Westerlund, Fauna Pal. Reg., VI, p. 143, 1886; not ofTacza- novich, Arachnida, 1871. > Gyrorbis Westerlund, Fauna Pal. Reg., vi, p. 142, 1886. This genus has been subdivided, according to the form of the shell, into the following sections, which appear, however, to have very little value. Valvata s. s. ( Gyrorbis Fitz.) Shell planorboid or depressed, without spiral keels. Type V. cristata Muller. Cincinna Morch ( Valvata Fitz.). Shell turbinate, with a mod- Fig. 92. Po- matiopsis lapi- daria Say.
    erate number of whorls slowly enlarging and without spiral keels. Type V. piscinalis (Muller). Ielskia Bourguignat (Jelskia West., not Tacz.). Shell turbinate, with few rapidly enlarging whorls and no spiral keels. Type V. jelskii Crosse. Tropidina H. and A. Adams. Shell depressed turbinate, with the upper surface of the spire more or less flattened and the whorls spi- rally keeled. Type V. tricarinata (Lesueur) Say. Since Muller associated but one species with the genus when de- scribed, that species necessarily becomes the type. A failure to rec- ognize this, when subdividing the genus, is responsible for several of the synonyms. I have not been able to consult Hiibner’s Zwei Briefe, and cite him on the authority of Westerlund, but, judging by his paper on Cobresia of the same year, his nomenclature was not Linnean, although his artistic capacity seems to have been exceptional. Valvata tricarinata Say. Cyclostoma tricarinata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, p. 13, 1817. Valvata tricarinata Say, op. cit., n, p. 173, 1821.— Gould, Inv. Mass., p. 225, fig. 156, three views, 1841.—Haldeman, Mon. Limn., vm, p. 3, pi. 1, figs. 1-4, 1845. Valvata carinata Sowerby, Genera, part xli, fig. 2, 1834. Valvata unicarinata DeKay, Zool. N. Y., Moll., p. 118, pi. vi, fig. 129, 1843. Valvata tricarinata var. simplex Gould, Inv. Mass., p. 226, fig. 156 (right hand figure), 1841. Valvata humeralis Miles, Geol. Surv. Michigan, p. 237, i860, not of Say. Valvata tricarinata var. confusa Bryant Walker, Nautilus, xv, No. 11, p. 124, fig. 2, 1902. Range. — From New England and Virginia westward to the Mis- souri, and northward. Type : St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes ! Manitoba, in Great Playgreen and Winnipeg Lakes ! and Pine Creek; Red Deer, Alberta; Moose Factory, Keewatin; Saskatchewan River! Great Slave Lake ! Methy Lake in Lat. 570 N. Variety simplex: English River, Keewatin! Peace River, Athabaska! Great Slave Lake, at Fort Resolution! upper Mackenzie River at Fort Simp- son ! in N. Lat. 62°. Full grown specimens of this species have three and a half whorls, a maximum diameter of 5, and an altitude of 3 mm. This applies to both varieties, though under exceptionally favorable circumstances it may be somewhat exceeded. The aper- ture is orbicular and almost vertical in plane. Fig. 93. Val- vata tricarina- ta, f
    Valvata sincera Say. Valvata sincera Say, Rep. Long’s Exp., 11, p. 264, pi. xv, fig. 11, 1824. Range. — Northwest Territory (Bigsby, jide Say) southeast Kee- watin in Attawapiskat and Kawinogans Rivers (Mclnnes) and the southwest point of Anticosti (McCann). This shell, according to Say’s original description and figure, is “ sub- globose-conic ” with “nearly four whorls,” “finely and regularly wrinkled across,” with a large umbilicus “exhibiting the volutions,’ and a diameter, at right angles to the axis, of slightly less than three millimeters, as engraved on the plate in Long’s Expedition. I have not seen any shell corresponding to these characters from the northern United States, but Dr. Whiteaves has kindly sent me for examination some shells from southern Keewatin and Anticosti which may prove to be Say’s sincera. In the literature and in collections we find the ecarinate tricarinata (simplex Gould) and all the non-carinated forms of the United States generally labelled 4 sincera Say,’4 simplex Gould,’ etc. Those specimens of tricarinata which preserve the 4 subglobose ’ outline have an umbilicus smaller than the carinate shells instead of larger. The very flat and widely umbilicate form which is most gen- erally labelled sincera, following Haldeman’s figures, is much more like the cristata of Europe than it is like Say’s shell. The specimens which have been called sincera in the literature of the region we are now interested in are, so far as I have been able to examine them, all of the next species. The only shells in the National Museum which at all resemble Say’s sincera are a series received from Aroostook County, Maine, collected by O. Nylander, which differ sufficiently to be called at least a very marked variety. Valvata (sincera var. ?) nylanderi nov. Shell small, subglobose-conic, with four whorls of a pale greenish straw color; surface polished, with faint spiral striae, sculptured axially with thin, sharp, elevated, rather distant lamellae like those on Zoogenites harpa or Planogyra asteriscus Morse ; these lamellae are closer and less elevated on the apical part of the shell; vertex, includ- ing most of the first two whorls, somewhat flattish or planorboid, after which the shell becomes subconic; the sutures deep; the base rounded, with a narrow but very deep umbilicus ; plane of the aper- ture nearly vertical, the aperture orbicular, with simple sharp edges; the operculum multispiral, of the same color as the shell. Axial height 3.2 and 3.4; diameter 3.5 and 3.7; diameter of umbilicus .05 and
    •07 ; of aperture 1.5 and 1.7 mm., in the broadest and narrowest speci- mens, respectively. Valvata lewisi Currier. Valvata striata Lewis, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., for 1856, p. 260.— Bin- ney (as var. of sincera), Land and Fw. Sh. N. Am., in, p. 12, fig. 18, 1865 ; not of Philippi, 1836. Valvata sincera Haldeman {proparte), Mon. Limn., vm, pi. I, figs. 6, 7, 8, 1845. Valvata lewisi Currier, List Moll. Mich., Kent Sci. Inst. Misc. Pub., No. 1, p. 9, 1868 ; new name for V striata Lewis, not Philippi. Range. — Northern United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and northward. Fig. 94. vata lewis rier, Val- Cur- New England ! Minnesota ! Colorado ! Lake Washington near Seat- tle ! San Bernardino Mountains, Calif. ! Utah ! Lake Superior ! Anticosti Island ! Pine Creek, Manitoba ! Laggan, Alberta, at 5,200 feet elevation ; Assiniboia ; Lake La Loche and Peace River, Athabaska; Great Slave Lake ! Fort Simpson, upper Mackenzie River, N. Lat. 62° ! Frances Lake, head of the Liard River! Fort Chimo, Labrador ! Sturgeon Lake, Athabaska ! Upper Colum- bia Lake ! (Tyrrell). The name seems to have been originally proposed for a brown muta- tion of V. sincera Haldeman {non Say), but may well be extended to cover the whole species, which has no other available name. The shell when normally developed and adult has four whorls with a height of 3.6 and a diameter of 5.75 mm. It has a much wider umbilicus than var. simplex of tricarinata and is a larger shell, yet usually has a smaller protoconch. The sculpture is axial, fine and close, like the winding of thread on a spool. In the typical form this sculpture is coarser and more prominent than in the less common helicoidea. In both it is largely resident in the periostracum, the decorticated shell being nearly smooth. Valvata lewisi var. helicoidea nov. PI. n, figs. 1, 2. This form resembles lewisi but is more depressed, almost flat above, and more or less flattened toward the suture; the whorls are more slen- der and near the aperture usually rather suddenly expanded ; the sur- face is polished, the sculpture frequently obsolete, the umbilicus wide, and its bounding coil peripherally diverted during the growth of the last half whorl; height 2.5 ; of the aperture 2.0; diameter of shell 5.0 mm. Range. — With the type form, to some extent everywhere, but espe- cially toward the Northwest. Lake Bennett, Yukon Territory ! near
    Old Fort Yukon, Alaska ! thirty miles below Tanana on the Yukon River! Lake Lindeman; East Kootenai district, British Columbia. This form is very close to V. sibirica Middendorff, which however has a more depressed apex and uniform fine sharp sculpture. V. cristata is of the same type, but much smaller. Valvata mergella Westerlund. Valvata mergella Westerlund, Vega Exped. Vetens. Iakt., iv, p. 209, pi. v, figs. 22, a-d, 1885. Range. — Port Clarence, near Bering Strait, Alaska (Vega) ; Popof Island, Shumagins, in small ponds (Kincaid) ; Stewart River, Yukon district (Canadian Geol. Survey). This is the largest species of its group, measuring 5 mm. high and 7 mm. wide, with four whorls. The aperture is markedly expanded, the sculpture very fine and rather sharp. The protoconch in the Shu- magin specimens is very minute. The expansion of the aperture tends to narrow the umbilicus, as it were at the last moment. Valvata virens Tryon. Valvata virens Tryon, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., for 1863, p. 148, pi. i, fig. 11.— Binney, Land and Fw. Sh. N. Am., hi, p. 15, fig. 21, 1865. Range. — Clear Lake, California, to Vancouver Island, at Nanaimo. A well marked species of more than usually tro- choid form, recalling V. fiscinalis of Europe, but large, more solid, and when in good condition of a pe- culiarly elegant green tint. The figures given in Tryon’s description are of immature specimens. Bin- ney figures an adult specimen but does not give the measurements. Family VIVIPARIDjE. Genus Campeloma Rafinesque.