Volume 1

A text-book of human physiology : including histology and microscopical anatomy with special reference to the requirements of practical medicine / by L. Landois ; translated from the seventh German edition with additions by William Stirling.

Landois, L. (Leonard), 1837-1902. Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen. English

Date:: 1891

Credit: A text-book of human physiology : including histology and microscopical anatomy with special reference to the requirements of practical medicine / by L. Landois ; translated from the seventh German edition with additions by William Stirling. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$Sec. 23.] COMPOSITION of blood. Analysis of Blood.—1000 parts, by weight, of horse's blood contain :— 344-18 blood-corpuscles (containing about 128 per cent, of solids). 655-82 plasma (containing about 10 per cent, of solids). 1000 parts, by weight, of moist blood-corpuscles contain :— Solids, . . . . 367-9 (pig) ; 400-1 (ox). Water, . . . . 632-1 The solids are :— Hfiemoglobin, ...... Proteids, ....... Lecithin, Cholesterin, and other Organic Bodies, Inorganic salts, . , . , ^ . f Potash, I Magnesia, Including -{ Chlorine, . . . . . I Phosphoric Acid, .... I Soda, .... 599-9 ,,' Pig. Ox. 261 280-5 86-1 107 12-0 7-5 8-9 4-8 5-543 0-747 0-158 0-017 1-504 1-635 2-067 0-703 0 2-093 (^?«i^e). following table Water, blood is given in the Composition of Human Blood as a Whole. Solids—of these- 780 Haemoglobin, 134 ^ Serum-albumin, \ ' ' ' i Serum-globulin, j '^1 Fibrin of Clot (? Fibrinogen), .... 2*2 1220 Inorganic Salts (of serum), . . . . g.g j Extractives, ...... 6-2 Fatty matters, .... ' -i.a I Gases, 0. CO.,, K] ... i * ; Moist red blood-corpuscles contain 30-40 per cent, of solids and 70-60 per cent, of water Of älffuStatl] '^'^'^ ^--gl^bin, 8'proteid maJS, and 2 24. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WHITE CORPUSCLES -Investi gations have been made on pus cells (Miescher), which closely resemble colourless blood-corpuscles. They contain several proteids; alkali-albuminate, a proteid which coagulates at 48 C, an albuminate resembling myosin, paraglobulin, peptone and a coagulating ferment; nuclein in the nuclei (iS 250, 2) ^Ivcocren 959\' lecithin, cerebrin, Cholesterin, and fat. ^ ^ ^^o^en ^§ .ö.), 100 parts, by weight, of dry pus contain the following Salts •— Earthy Phosphates, . . 0-416 | Potash, . . 0-201 Sodic Phosphate . . 0-606 | Sodic Chloride, . [ o-143 ^^esetSk contiin :- ^ '''''''''''' of lodlim suh^.X: lil n®!i'^i°5^^^ ^^^^^^ quantity. It coagulates at 48 -50° C. / . ^^'F l^^antity, and is either identical with or closely associated with coagulates in 5 per cent. MgSO^ solution at 75° C. ^ ^^so^^^^ted ^Mth (.3) Cell-albumm, which coagulates at 73° C (4) Mucin-like body (Miescher), and called hyaline substance by Rovida. It is however not mucui, IS rich m phosphorus, and yields nuclein on gastric digestion, in additLn to Smo e. peptones, so that it belongs to the class of nucleo-albumins ^^aition to albumoses (5) If the cells be not examined when they are quite fresh, they become acid from the forma tion of sarcolactic acid and the proteolytic action of a ferment (pepsin ?) found in the cdl' comes into play with the subsequent formation of albumoses and peptones ' generally^''^ '^ P''''* typicalcell and in protoplasm 25. BLOOD-PLASMA AND ITS RELATION TO SERUM.-The unaltered fluid in^ which the blood-corpuscles float is called blood-plasmT orifquor sanguinis. This fluid, however, after blood is withdiwn from the vessels rapidly undergoes a change, owing to the formation of a solid fibrous substance-^ 3$