A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).

Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.

Date:: 1819

Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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$of them: and the cause of that again is, either the tough and viscous juice of the plant, or the strength and heat thereof. Bacon's Nat. Hist. 8. Besides; in any other time or place. They have the Walloons, who are tall soldiers; yet, that is but a spot of ground: but, on the other side, there is not in the world again such a spring and seminary of brave military people; as in Eng- land, Scotland, and Ireland. Bacon. 9. Twice as much: marking the same quantity once repeated. There are, whom heav'n has blest with store of wit; Yet want as much ogam, to manage it; For wit and judgment ever are at strife, Tho' meant each others' said, like man and wife. Pope. I should not be sorry, to see a chorus on a theatre, more than as large and as deep again as ours, built and adorned at a king's charges. Dryden. 10. Again and again; with frequent repe- tition: often. This is not to be obtained, by one or two hasty readings: it must be repeated again and again, with a close attention to the tenour of the discourse. Locke. 11. In opposition; by way of resistance. Who art thou, that answerest again? Rom. 12. Back; as, returning from some mes- sage. Bring us word again, which way we shall go. Deut. i. 22. Aga'inst, a-g^nst'.200 fire/i. [aenjeon, on- jeonb, Sax.] 1. In opposition to any person. And he will be a wild man: his hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him. Gen. xvi. 12. 2. Contrary; opposite, in general. That authority of men should prevail with men either against or above reason, is no part of our be- lief. Hooker. He is melancholy without cause, and merry against the hair. Sliaksp. Troilus and Cressida. We might work any effect, without and against matter: and this not holpen, by the co-operation of angels or spirits; but, only by the unity and harmony of nature. Bacon's Nat. Hist. The preventing goodness of God does even wrest him from himself, and save him (as it were) against his will. South. The god, uneasy till he slept again, Resolv'd, at once to rid himself of pain; And, tho' against his custom, call'd aloud. Dryden. Men often say, a thing is against their conscience, when really it is not. Swift's Miscel. 3. In contradiction to any opinion. After all, that can be said against a thing, this will still be true; that many things possibly are, which we know not of; and that many more things may be, than are: and if so, after all our arguments against a thing, it will be uncertain, whether it be or not. Tillotson. The church-clergy have written the best collection ftf tracts against popery, that ever appeared in Eng- land. Swift. 4. With contrary motion or tendency: used of material action. Boils and plagues Plaister you o'er, that one infect another Against the wind a mile. Shaksp. Coriol. The kite, being a bird of prey, and therefore hot, delighteth in the fresh air; and many times flieth against the wind, as trouts and salmons swim against the stream. Bacon. 5. Contrary to rule or law. If aught against my life Thy country sought of thee, it sought unjustly, Jlgainst the law of nature, law of nations. Milton, jjgaingtthe public sanctions of the peace, Jlgainst all omens of their ill success: With fates averse, the rout in arms resort, To force their monarch, and insult the court. Dryd. 6. Opposite to, in place. Jlgainst the Tiber's mouth, but far away. Dryd. 7. To the hurt of another. See sense 5. And, when thou think'st of her eternity, Think not that death agahxst her nature is; Think it a birth: and, when thou go'st to die, Sing like a swan, as if thou went'st to bliss. Sir J. Davies. 8. In provision for; in expectation of. This mode of speaking probably had its original from the idea of making provi- sion against, or in opposition to, a time of misfortune; but by degrees acquired a neutral sense. It sometimes has the case elliptically suppressed; as, against he comes; that is, against the time, when he comes. Thence she them brought into a stately hall, Wherein were many tables fair dispred, And ready dight with drapets festival, Jlgainst the viands should be ministred. Fairy Queen. The like charge was given them against the time, they should come to settle themselves in the land promised unto their fathers. Hooker. Some say, that ever, 'gainst that season comes, Wherein our Saviour's birth is celebrated, The bird of dawning singeth all night long: And then they say, no spirit walks abroad; The nights are wholesome; then no planets strike; No fairy tales, no witch hath power to charm; So hallow'd and so gracious is the time. Sliaksp. To that purpose, he made haste to Bristol; that all things might be ready, against the prince came thither. Clarendon. Jlgainst the promis'd time provides with care, And hastens in the woof the robes he was to wear. Dryden, All which, I grant to be reasonably and truly said; and only desire, they may be remembered against another day. Stillingfeet. A'galaxy, a-gal'lak-se.617 n. s. [from « and y«A*, Gr.] Want of milk. Diet. Aga'pe, a-gape'. adv.73 [from a zndgafie.'] Staring with eagerness; as, a bird gapes for meat. In himself was all his state; More solemn, than the tedious pomp, that waits On princes; when their rich retinue long, Of horses led, and grooms besmear'd with gold, Dazzles the crowd, and sets them all agape. Paradise Lost. Dazzle the crowd, and set them all agape. Philips. The whole crowd stood agape, and ready to take the doctor at his word. Spectator, No. 572. A'garick, ag'a-rik. n. s. [agaricum, Lat.] A drug, of use in physick, and the dying trade. It is divided, into male and fe- male; the male is used only in dying, the female in medicine; the male grows on oaks, the female on larches. There are two excrescences, which grow upon trees; both of them, in the nature of mushrooms: the one, the Romans call boletus; which groweth upon the roots of oaks, and was one of the dainties of their table: the other is medicinal, that is called agasruk, which groweth upon the tops of oaks; though it be affirmed by some, that it groweth also at the roots- Bacon. Aga'st, a-gast'. adj. [This word, which is usually by later authors written aghast, is not improbably the true word, derived from agaze; which has been written aghast, from a mistaken ety- mology. See Aghast.] Struck with terrour; amazed; frighted to astonish- ment, Thus roving-on, In confus'd march forlorn, th' advent'rous bands (With shudd'ring borrow pale, and eyes agust) View'd first their lamentable lot; and found No rest. Milton's Par. Lost. A'gate, ag'at.91 n. s. \_agate, Fr. achates, Lat.] A precious stone of the lowest class, often clouded with beautiful va- riegations. In shape no bigger, than an agate stone On the forefinger of an alderman. Shaksp. Jlgates are only varieties of the flint kind: they have a grey horny ground, clouded, lineated, or spot- ted with different colours, chiefly dusky, black, brown, red, and sometimes blue. Woodward. A'gaty, ag'a-te. adj. [from agate.] Par- taking of the nature of agate. An agaty flint was above two inches in diameter; the whole covered over, with a friable cretaceous crust. Woodward. To Aga'ze, a-gaze'. v. a. [from a and gaze, to set a gazing; as, amaze, amuse, and others.] To strike with amazement; to stupify with sudden tenour. The verb is now out of use. So as they travell'd, so they 'gan espy An armed knight toward them gallop fast; That seemed from some feared foe to fly, Or other grisly thing that him agast. Fairy Queen. Aga'zed, a-ga'zed. fiartici/i. adj. [from agaze; which see.] Struck with amaze- ment; terrified to stupidity. Hundreds he sent to hell; and none durst stand him: Here, there, and every where, enrag'd he flew: The French exclaim'd, ' The devil was in arms!' All the whole army stood agazed on him. Shaksp. AGE, aje. n. s. [age, Fr. anciently eage, or aage: it is deduced by Menage, from atalium, of tztas; by Junius, from aa, which (in the Teutonick dialects) signi- fied long duration.] 1. Any period of time, attributed to some- thing, as the whole or part of its dura- tion: in this sense, we say, the age of man, the several ages of the world, the golden or iron age. One man in his time plays many parts, His life being seven ages. Shaksp And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt, seventeen years: so the whole age of Jacob was an hundred forty and seven years. Genesis, xlvii. 28. 2. A succession or generation of men. Hence lastly springs care of posterities; For things, their kind would everlasting make: Hence is it, that old men do plant young trees, The fruit whereof another age shall take. Sir J. Davies. Next to the Son, Destin'd Restorer of mankind, by whom New heav'n and earth shall to the ages rise, Or down from heav'n descend. Milton's Par. Lost. No declining age E'er felt the raptures of poetic rage. Roscommon. 3. The time, in which any particular man, or race of men, lived,' or shall live; as, the age of heroes. No longer now the golden age appears, When patriarch wits surviv'd a thousand years. Pope. 4. The space of a hundred years; a secular period; a century. 5. The latter part of life; old-age; oldness. You see, how full of change his age is; the obser- vation we have made of it, hath not been little: he always loved our sister most: and, with what poor judgment, he hath now east her off! Shaksp$