A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).
- Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.
- Date:
- 1819
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
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![Were you but riding-forth to air yourself, Such parting were too petty. Shaksp. Cymhelim. I ascended the highest hills of Bagdat, in order to pass the rest of the day in meditation and prayer. As I was here airing myself, on the tops of the moun- tains; I fell into a profound contemplation, on the vanity of human life. Addison, Sped. 3. To air liquors; to warm them, by the fire: a term, used in conversation. 4. To breed in nests. In this sense it is derived from aerie, a nest: it is now out of use. You may add their busy, dangerous, discourteous, yea and sometimes despiteful stealing, one from another, of the eggs and young ones; who if they were allowed to air nQuralb/ and quietly, there would be store sufficient, to kill not only the par- tridges, but even all the good house-wives' chickens, in a country. Careio's Survey of Cornwall. A'irbladder, are'blad-dur. n. s. [from air and bladder.] 1. Any cuticle or vesicle, filled with air. The pulmonary artery and vein pass along the surfaces of these air-bladders, in an infinite number of ramifications. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 2. The bladder in fishes; by the contrac- tion and dilatation of which, they vary the properties of their weight to that of their bulk, and rise or fail. Though the air-bladder in fishes seems necessary for swimming, yet some are so formed, as to swim without it. Cudwortli. A'irbuilt, are'bilt. adj. [from air and build.'] Built in the air, without any so- lid foundation. Hence the fool's paradise, the statesman's scheme, The air-built castle, and the golden dream, The maid's romantick wish, the chymist's flame, And poet's vision of eternal fame. Pope. Airdrawn, are'drawn. adj. [from air and drawn.] Drawn or painted in air: a word not used. This is the very painting of your fear; This is the air-drawn dagger, which (you said) Led you to Duncan. Shaksp. Macbeth. A'irer, are'ur.98 n. s. [from To air.] He, that exposes to the air. A'irgun, are'gun. s. A gun, charged with air instead of powder. A'irhole, are'hole. n. s. [from air and hole.] A hole to admit the air. A'iriness, are'e-ness. n. s. [from airy.] 1. Openness; exposure to the air. 2. Lightness; gayety: levity. The French have indeed taken worthy pains, to make classick learning speak their language: if they have not succeeded, it must be imputed to a certain talkativeness and airiness represented in their tongue; which will never agree, with the sedateness of the Romans, or the solemnity of the Greeks. Felton. A'iring, are'ing.410 n. s. [from air.] A short journey or ramble, to enjoy the free air. This little fleet serves, only to fetch them wine, and corn, and to give their ladies an airing in the summer season. Addison. A'irless, are'l&ss. adj. [from air.] Want- ing communication with the free air. Nor stony tower, nor walls of beaten brass, Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron, Can be retentive to the strength of spirit. Shaksp. A'iRLiNG,areTing.410 n s. [from air, for gayety.] A young, light, thoughtless, gay person. Some more there be, slight airlings, will be won With dogs, and horses, and perhaps a whore. Ben Jonson. A'iupump, are'pump. n. s. [from air and fiumfi.] A machine, by whose means the air is exhausted out of proper ves- sels. The principle, on which it is built, is the elasticity of the air; as that, on which the water-pump is founded, is on the gravity of the air. The invention of this curious instrument is ascribed to OttodeGuerick, consul of Magdebourg, in 1.654: but his machine laboured un- der several defects; the force, necessary to work it, was very great; and the pro- gress, very slow; it was to be kept un- der water, and allowed of no change of subjects for experiments. Mr. Boyle, with the assistance of Dr. Hooke, re- moved several inconveniencies; though still the working was laborious, by rea- son of the pressure of the atmosphere at every exsuction: this labour has been since removed, by Mr. Hawksbee; who (by adding a second barrel and piston, to rise as the other fell, and fall as it rose) made the pressure of the atmos- phere on the descending one, of as much service, as it was of disservice in the as- cending one. Vream made a further improvement, by reducing the alternate motion of the hand and winch to a cir- cular one. Chambers. The air, that, in exhausted receivers of air- pumps, is exhaled from minerals, and flesh, and fruits, and liquors, is as true and genuine, as to elasticity and density, or rarefaction, as that we re- spire in: and yet this factitious air is so far from being fit to be breathed in; that it kills animals in a moment, even sooner than the absence of air, or a vacuum itself. Bentley. A'irshaft, are'shaft. n. s. [from air and shaft.] A passage for the air into mines and subterraneous places. By the sinking of an air-shaft, the air hath liberty to circulate, and carry out the steams both of the miners' breath and the damps, which would other- wise stagnate there. Ray. A'iry, are'e. adj. [from air; aereus, Lat.] 1. Composed of air. The first is the transmission, or emission, of the thinner and more airy parts of bodies; as, in odours and infections: and this is, of all the rest, the most corporeal. Bacon. 2. Relating to the air; belonging to the air. There are fishes, that have wings, that are no strangers to the airy region. Boyle. 3. High in air. Whole rivers here forsake the fields below; And, wond'ring at their height, through airy chan- nels flow. Addison. 4. Open to the free air. Joy'd to range abroad in fresh attire, Thro' the wide compass of the airy coast. Spenser. 5. Light as air; thin; unsubstantial; witnout solidity. I hold ambition of so airy and light a quality, that it is but a shadow's shadow. Shaksp Hamlet Still may the dog the wand'ring troops constrain Of airy ghosts, and vex the guilty train. Dryden. 6. Wanting reality, having no steady foun- dation in truth or nature; vain; trifling. Nor think, with wind Of airy threats to awe, whom yet with deeds Thou cau'st not. Milton's Paradise Lost. Nor (to avoid such meanness) soaring high, With empty sound and airy notions fiy. Rosccmnu/n. I have found a complaint, concerning the scavcity of money; which occasioned many airy propositions, for the remedy of it. Temple's Miscd. 7. Fluttering; loose; as if to catch the air; full of levity. The painters draw their nymphs, in thin and airy habits; but the weight of gold and of embroideries is reserved, for queens and goddesses Dtyden. By this name of ladies, he means all young pft. sons, slender, finely shaped, airy and delicaite:such, as are nymphs and Naiads. Drydtn. 8. Gay; sprightly; full of mirth; vivacious; lively; spirited; light of heart. He, that is merry and airy at shore, when he sees a sad tempest on the sea; or dances, when God thun- ders from heaven; regards not, when God speaks to all the world. Taylor. Aisle, ile.2,,r n. s. [Thus the word is writ- ten by Addison, but perhaps improper- ly; since it seems deducibte only from either aile a wing, or allee a path; and is therefore to be written aile.] The walks in a church, or wings of a quire. The abbey is by no means so magnificent, as one would expect from its endowments. The church is one huge nef, with a double aiile to it; and, at each end, is a large quire. Addison. Ait, or Eyght, ate.202 n. s. [supposed, by Skinner, to be corrupted from islet.] A small island in a river. A'JUTAGE, aj-ju'tage. n. s. [ajutage, Fr.] An additional pipe to water-works. Diet. To Ake, ake.356 -v. n. [from 'otyj^, Gr.and therefore more grammatically written ache. 1. To feel a lasting pain, generally of the internal parts; distinguished from smart, which is commonly used of uneasiness in the external parts: but this is no ac- curate account. To sue, and be deny'd such common grace, My wounds ake at you! Sh Let our finger ake; and it endues Our other healthful members, with a sense Of pain. Were the pleasure of drinking accompanied, the very moment, with that sick stomach and afcinghead, which in some men are sure to follow; I think, no body would ever let wine touch his lips. Locke, His limbs must ake, with daily toils opprest; Ere long-wish'd night brings necessary rest. Prior. 2. It is frequently applied, in an improper sense, to the heart:, as, the heart ukes; to imply grief or fear. Shaksfiearclm used it, still more licentiously, of the soul- My soul akes To know, when two authorities are up, Neither supreme, how soon confusion May enter. Shaksp. Coriolarms. Here shame dissuades him, there his fear prevails^ And each, by turns, his aking heart assails. Addison- Aki'n, a-kir/. adj. [from a and kin.] 1. Related to; allied by blood: used of per- sons. I do not envy thee, Pamela; only I wish, that being thy sister in nature, I were not so far off akin in fortune. Sidney. 2 Allied to by nature; partaking of the same properties: used of things. The cankered passion of envy is nothing akin to the silly envy of the ass. VEstrange's Fables- Some limbs again, in bulk or stature Unlike, and not akin by nature, In concert act, like modern friends; Because one serves the other's ends. Prior- He separates it from questions, with which it maj](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21133803_0184.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
