A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).

  • Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.
Date:
1819
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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    trials of criminals, whose danger has obliged them to change their names: as, Simson, alias Smith, alias Baker; that is, otherwisr Smith, otherwise Baker. A'lible, al'le-bi.*06 adj. [a lib His, Lat.] Nutritive; nourishing; or that, whicn may be nourished. Diet. A'LIEN, ale'yen.4'5 adj. [alicnus, Lat] 1. Foreign, or not of the same family or land. The mother plant admires the leaves unknown Of alien trees, and apples not her own. Dryden. From native soil Exil'd by fate, torn from the tender embrace Of his young guiltless progeny, he seeks Inglorious shelter in an alien land. Philips. 2. Estranged from; not ahi. d to; adverse to: with the particle from, and some- times to, but improperly. To declare my mind to the disciples of the fire, by a similitude not alien from their profession. Boyle. The sentiment, that arises, is a conviction of the deplorable state of nature, to which sin reduced us; a weak, ignorant creature, alien from God and goodness, and a prey to the great destroyer. Rogers. They encouraged persons and principles, alien from our religion and government, in order to strengthen their faction. Swift's Miscellanies. A'lien, ale'yen. ll32S3 „ s- [alienus, Lat.] 1. A foreigner; not a denison; a man of another country or family; one, not al- lied; a stranger. In whomsoever these things are, the church doth acknowledge them for her children: them only she holdeth for aliens and strangers, in whom these things are not found. Hooker. If it be prov'd against an alien, He seeks the life of any citizen; The party, 'gainst the which he doth contrive, Shall seize on half his goods. Shaksp. The mere Irish were not only accounted aliens, but enemies; so as it was no capital offence, to kill th em. Sir John Davies on Ireland. Thy place in council thou hast rudely lost, Which by thy younger brother is supply'd; And art almost an alien to the hearts Of all the court and princes of my blood. Shaksp. The lawgiver condemned the persons, who sat idle in divisions dangerous to the government, as aliens to the community, and therefore to be cut off from it. Addison, Freeholder. 2. In law. An alien is one, born in a strange country, and never enfranchised. A man, born out of the land, so it be within the limits beyond the seas, or of En- glish parents out of the king's obedience, so the pa- rents (at the time of the birth) be of the king's obe- dience, is not alien: if one, born out of the king's allegiance, come and dwell in England; his children (if he beget any here) are not aliens, but denisons. Coioell. To A'lien, ale'yen. v.a. [aliener, Fr.alieno, Lat.] 1. To make any thing the property of an- other. If the son alien lands and then repurchase them again in fee; the rules of descents are to be ob- served, as if he were the original purchaser. Hale. 2. To estrange, to turn the mind or affec- tion; to make averse: with/ro?7t. The king was disquieted, when he found that, the prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of, or inclination to, the marriage. Clarendon. A'lienaule, ale'yen-a-bl. adj. [from To alienate.'] That, of which the property may be transferred. Land is alienable, and treasure is transitory; and both must pass from him, by his own voluntary act, or by the violence of others, or at least by fate. Dennis's Letters. To Alienate, ale'yen-ate.ao * ^ v. a. [aliener, Fr. alieno, Lat.] 1. To transfer the property of any thing to another. The countries of the Turks were once Christian, and members of the church, and where the golden candlesticks did stand; though now they be utterly alienated, and no Christians left. Bacon. 2. To withdraw the heart or affections; with the particle from, where the first possessor is mentioned. The manner of men's writing must not alienate our hearts from the' truth. Hooker. Be it never so true, which we teach the world to believe; yet, if once their affections begin to be alienated, a small thing persuadeth them to change their opinions. Hooker. His eyes survey'd the dark idolatries Of alienated Judah. Milton's Parad. Lost. Any thing, that is apt to disturb the world, and to alienate the affections of men from one another, such as cross and distasteful humours; is, either ex- pressly, or by clear consequence and deduction, for- bidden in the New Testament. Tillotson. Her mind was quite alienated from the honest Castilian; whom she was taught to look upon, as a formal old fellow. Addison. A'lien\te, ale'yen-ate. adj. [alienatus, Lat.] Withdrawn from; stranger to: with the particle from. The Whigs are damnably wicked; impatient, for the death of the queen; ready, to gratify their am- bition and revenge by all desperate methods; wholly alienate from truth, law, religion, mercy, con- science, or honour. SvrifVs Miscellanies. Aliena'tion, ale-yen-a'shun. n. s. [alien- atio, Lat.] 1. The act, of transferring property. This ordinance was, for the maintenance of their lands in their posterity, and for excluding all inno- vation or alienation thereof unto strangers. Spenser. God put it into the heart of one of our princes, to give a check to sacrilege. Her successour passed a law, which prevented all future alienations of the church revenues. Jltterbury. Great changes and alienations of property have created new and great dependencies. Swift. 2. The state of being alienated; as, the stale was wasted during its alienation. 3. Change of affection. It is left, but ifi dark memory; what was the ground of his defection, and the alienation of his heart from the king. Bacon. 4. Applied to the mind, it means disorder of the faculties. Some things are done by man, though not through outward force and impulsion; though not against, yet without, their wills; as, in alienation of mind, or any like inevitable utter absence of wit and judg- ment. Hooker. Ali'feuous, a lif'fer-us.31* adj. [from ala andyiro, Lat.] Having wings Diet. Ali'gerous, a-lij'er-us.314 adj. [aliger, Lat.] Having wings; winged Diet. To Ali'gge, a-lig'. v. a. [from a, and lig, to lie down.] To lay; to allay; to throw down; to subdue; an old word, even in the time of Spenser; now wholly for- gotten. Thomalin, why sitten we so, As weren overwent with woe, Upon so fair a morrow? The joyous time now nigheth fast, That shall aligge this bitter blast, And slake the winter sorrow. Spenser's Past. To Ali'ght, a-lite'. v. n. [alihcan, Sax. aflichten, Dutch.] 1. To come down, and stop. The word implies the idea of descending; as, of a bird, from the wing; a traveller from his horse or carriage; and generally, of rest- ing or stopping There ancient night arriving, did alight From her high weary waine. Fairy Queen. There is alighted, at your gate, A young Venetian. Shaksp. March, of Venict. Slackness breeds worms; but the sure traveller, Though he alights sometimes, still goetn on. Herbert. When marching with his foot, he walks till night; When with his horse, he never will alight. Denham. When Dedal us, to fly the Cretan shore, His heavy limbs on jointed pinions bore; To the Cumean coast, at length he came; And, here alighting, built this costly frame. Dryden'sJEneid. When he was admonished by his subject to de- scend, he came down (gently, and circling in the air, and singing) to the ground: like a lark, melo- dious in her mounting, and continuing her song till she alights; still preparing for a higher flight, at her next sally. Dryden. When finish'd was the fight, The victors from their lusty steeds alight: Like them, dismounted all the warlike train. Dryden. Should a spirit of superiour rank, a stranger to human nature, alight upon the earth, what would his notions of us be ? Addison, Spectator. . It is used also, of any thing thrown or falling; to fall upon. But storms of stones, from the proud temple's height, Pour down; and, on our batter'd helms, alight. Dnjd. Ali'ke, a-like'. adv. [from a and likr^ With resemblance; without difference; in the same manner; in the same form. In some expressions, it has the appear- ance of an adjective, but is always an adverb. The darkness hideth not from thee; but the night shineth, as the day: the darkness and the light are both alike to thee. Psalm exxxix. 12. With thee conversing, I forget all time; All seasons, and their change, all please alike. Paradise Lost. Riches cannot rescue from the grave, Which claims alike the monarch and the slave. Dryi. Let us unite, at least in an equal zeal, for those ca- pital doctrines; which we all equally embrace, and are alike concerned to maintain. Jttterbury. Two handmaids wait the tin-one; alike, in place; But diff'ring far, in figure and in face. Pope. A'LIMEN T, ai'le-ment. n. s. [ulimentum, Lat.] Nourishment; that which nou- rishes; nutriment; food. New ports are added to our substance; and, as we die, we are born, daily: nor can we give an ac- count, how the aliment is prepared for nutrition; or, by what mechanism, it is distributed. Gtanville's Scepsis Scientific/!. All bodies, which (by the animal faculties) can be changed into the fluids and solids of our bodies, are called aliments. In the largest sense; by aliment, I understand every thing, which a human creature takes in common diet; as, meat, drink; and season- ing, as salt, spice, vinegar. Arbullmot. Alime'ntal, al-le-men'tal. adj. [from aliment.'] That, which has the quality oi anment; that, which nourishes; that, which feeds. The sun, that light imparts to all, receives (From all) his alimental recompense, In humid exhalations. Milton's Par. Lost. Except they be watered, from higher regions; these weeds must lose their alimenlal sap, and wither. Brmcn. Th' industrious, when the sun in Leo rides, Forget not, at the foot of every plant, To sink a circling trench, and daily pour