A dictionary of Islam : being a cyclopaedia of the doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs, together with the technical and theological terms, of the Muhammadan religion / by Thomas Patrick Hughes.

  • Thomas Patrick Hughes
Date:
1885
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A dictionary of Islam : being a cyclopaedia of the doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs, together with the technical and theological terms, of the Muhammadan religion / by Thomas Patrick Hughes. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    DICTIONARY OF ISLAM A. AARON. Arabic Hdrun (cy;^0- The account given of Aaron in the Qur’an will be found in the article on Moses. In Surah six. 29, the Virgin Mary is addressed as “ the Sister of Aaron.” [mart, moses.] ABAD (jA). Eternity; without end, as distinguished fromAzal (JjD> without beginning. ‘ABASA “ He frowned.” The title of the Lxxxth chapter of the Quran. It is said that a blind man, named ‘Abdu ’llfili ibn Umin Maktum, once interrupted Muham- mad in conversation with certain chiefs of Quraish. The Prophet, however, took no notice of him, but frowned and turned away ; and in the first verse of this Surah, he is represented as reproved by God for having done so :—“ He frowned and turned his back, for that the blind man came unto him. ‘ABBAS (cr*^). The son of ‘Abdu 1-Muttalib, and consequently the paternal uncle of Muhammad. The most celebrated of the “ Companions,” and the founder of the Abbaside dynasty, which held the Khalifate for a period of 509 years, namely, from a.d. 749 to a.d. 1258. He died in AH. 32. His son Ibn-‘Abbas was also a celebrated autho- rity on Islamic traditions and law. [ibn ‘ABBAS, ABBASIDES.] ABBASIDES. Arabic al-1 Abbaslyah The name of a dynasty of Khalifahs descended from al-‘Abbas, the son of ‘Abdu ’1-Muttalib, and a paternal uncle of Muhammad. On account of their descent from so near a relation of the Prophet, the Abbasides had, ever since th,e introduction of Islam, been very high in esteem amongst the Arabs, and had at an early period begun to excite the jealousy of the Umaiyado Khalifahs, who after the defeat of ‘All occupied the throne of the Arabian Empire. The Abbas- ides had for some time asserted their claims to the Khalifate, and in a.d. 740 they com- menced open hostilities. In 749 the Abbaside Khaliifah Abu ’l-‘Abbas, surnamed as-Saffah, “the blood-shedder,” was recognied as Kha- lifah at al-Kufah, and Marwan II., the last of the Umaiyado Khalifahs, was defeated and slain. Thirty-seven Khalifahs of the Abbaside dy- nasty reigned over the Muhammadan empire, extending over the period from a.u. 132 (a.d. 749-50) to a.h. 650 (a.d. 1258). The names of the Abbaside Khalifahs are:— Abu ’l-‘Abbas as-Saffah (a.d. 749), al-Mansur (a.d. 754), al-Mahdl (a.d. 775), al-Hadl (a.d. 785), Harun ar-Rashld (a.d. 786), al-Amln (a.d. 809), al-Ma'mun (a.d. 813), al-Mu‘tasim (a.d. 833), al-Wasiq (a.d. 842), al-Mutawakkil (a.d. 847), al-Muntasir (a.d. 861), al-Musta‘in (a.d. 862), al-Mu‘tazz (a.d. 866), al-Muhtadl (a.d. 869), al-Mu‘tamid (a.d. 870), al-Mu‘tazid (ad. 892)) al-Muktafl (a.d. 902), al-Muqtadir (a.d. 908), al-Qahir (a.d. 932), ar-RazI (ad. 934), al-Muttaql (a.d 940), al-Mustaqfl (a.d. 944), al-MuJT (a.d. 945), at-TaI‘ (a.d. 974), al-Qadir (a.d. 994), al-Qaim (a.d. 1031), al- Muqtadi (a.d. 1075), al-Mustazhir (a.d. 1094), al-Mustarshid (a.d. 1118), ar-Riishid (a.d. 1135), al-Muqtafl (a.d. 1136), al-Mustanjid (a.d. 1160), al-Mustazi (a.d. 1170), an-Nasir (a.d. 1180), az-Zahir (a.d. 1225), al-Mustansir (a.d. 1226), al-Musta‘sim (a.d. 1242 to a.d. 1258). In the reign of al-Musta‘sim Huliiku, grand- son of Jinglz Khan, entered Persia and became Sultan a.d. 1256. In 1258 he took Baghdad and put the Khalifah al-Musta‘sim to death, [khalifah.] ABDAL (J^). “Substitutes,” pi. of Badul. Certain persons by whom, it is said, God continues the world in existence. Their number is seventy, of whom forty reside in Syria, and thirty elsewhere. When one dies another takes his place, being so
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