The prevention of malaria.

  • Ronald Ross
Date:
1910
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: The prevention of malaria. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.

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    developed zygotes of malignant tertian in it, experimentally. W. G. Liston [1908] at Bombay found 25% infected with malaria. C. A. Bentley, in the same city [1910], found zygotes in 30 and protospores in 8 out of 404 dissections. Occurs in many parts of India. Breeds not only in open, clean terrestrial waters, but in deep wells, iron cisterns, filter beds, garden tanks, and even small vessels (section 59). Nyssorhynchus theobaldia. — Stephens and Christophers [1902] developed malignant tertian and quartan to zygotes, experimentally. Occurs in India and Aden Hinterland. Breeds in running, stony and shallow water with much weed and algae. JVyssorhytichus willmori. ■— Incriminated by Malcolm Watson (section 57). Details of experiments not given, but the insect appears to be certainly a carrier in the hilly land in the Federated Malay States. Also Daniels [1909]. Occurs in Federated Malay States, Kashmir, Ceylon. Breeds in rapidly running streams, and cannot be reduced by open drainage. The larvae were found in the clear puddles formed by a spring at a height of 4,800 feet in Kashmir (Theobald, vol. iii. p. 102). Pyretophorus chaudoyei.—Billet states that this mosquito occurs exclusively in places where there is much malaria in the Saharian Oases in Algeria. He had no opportunity of finding zygotes in the insects, but is sure that it is a carrier. Theobald (vol. iii. p. 70) says that protospores have been found in it. Occurs in Algeria, Touggourt in Algeria, and southern posts in Sahara. Breeds in water containing a higher percentage of salt than normal sea water. Larvae are found in little isolated pools or ponds, which under the influence of active solar radiation greatly increase in the percentage of salt, giving at the end of summer a percentage of 40 grammes per litre. (Foley and Yvermault, Bull. Soc. Path. Exot, 1908, i. iii. pp. 172-173.) Pyretophorus costalis. — Incriminated by Ross, Annett, Austen [1900] to carry all three species in 27 out of 109 insects. Also by Stephens and Christophers [1900] and by R. Ross in Mauritius [1908]. Common and widely distributed over the African continent, Madagascar, Reunion and Mauritius, but not in many neighbouring islands which are non-malarious. Breeds in stagnant terrestrial waters often without much weed. Appears to prefer the sea coast in Mauritius, but was found in marshes up to 1,700 feet, where, though scanty, it yet caused malaria. Breeds in pools in dried-up beds of hill streams,