The organic constituents of plants and vegetable substances and their chemical analysis / by G.C. Wittstein ; authorised translation from the German original, enlarged with numerous additions, by Baron Ferd. von Mueller.

  • Georg Christian Wittstein
Date:
1878
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The organic constituents of plants and vegetable substances and their chemical analysis / by G.C. Wittstein ; authorised translation from the German original, enlarged with numerous additions, by Baron Ferd. von Mueller. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    sugar; dissolves in half part cold water, not in cold, little in boiling alcohol, yields oxalic acid by heating with nitric acitl, assumes a red-yellow colour with cold concentrated sulphuric acid, and tvirns black when heated; is not altered on heating with diluted sulphuric acid; becomes brown on heating with potash-ley, lime, baryta, and oxyd of lead, while evolving the odour of burnt sugar; reduces alkaline tartarate of copper; is not able to ferment with yeast; is not precipitable by subacetate of lead, but is so by ammoniacal acetate of lead. Sparteill=C3o H26 N. Volatile alkaloid of Cytisus scoparius. Concentrate the acid mother-ley of the impure scoparin (see this), distil with excess of carbonate of soda, saturate the distillate with chloride of sodium and distil again, ammonia passing over at firet, followed by a colourless heavy oil which has to be freed from ammonia by washing with cold water.— Colourless, oily, thick liquid, heavier than water, of a faint odour, somewhat similar to anilin, of a very bitter taste, boils at 288°, dissolves little in water, but dissolves a little water when left in contact witJi it, and becomes turbid; has a strongly alkaline reaction; saturates the acids completely. Spiriea Yellow =:Ci5 Hg O7. Yellow matter of the flowers of Spii-sea Ulmaria. Treat the flowers with ether, distil the ether from the tincture, mix the remnant with warm water to throw down impure dyeing matter, while a green oil floats on the water; remove the latter, dissolve the dyeing matter in hot water, remove the fat, which forms on cooling, and evaporate to dryness.— Yellow powder, consisting of fine needles, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and in ether with dark-green, or, when diluted, yellow colour; soluble in alkalies, in concentrated sulphuric acid with deep-yellow colour and reprecipitable by water unaltered. Stai)hisagrill=:C32 H23 NO 4. Alkaloid of the seeds of Del- ])hinium Staphisagria, is obtained by the method indicated under Delphinin.—Yellow-brownish resin of acrid taste, fuses at 200°, is almost insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether, dissolves readily in acids, but is not able to neutralise them. Starch = Ci2 Hio Oio. A substance widely distributed in many vegetable organisms and especially in roots, in subterraneous stems and in seeds, but is also frequentl}^ met with in stems and in unmatured fruits, and the presence of which is recognised best by its property of acquiring with iodine a violet or dark-blue colour. The iodine used for this purpose may be kept ready ]ire- pared by dissolving 3 parts iodine and 4 ])arts iodide of potassium in 93 pai-ts water.—Easy as the recognition of starch is, it fre- f[uently causes much trouble to separate it completely from the