A treatise on chemistry. Vol. 1, The non-metallic elements / by Sir H.E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer ...

  • Henry Enfield Roscoe
Date:
1881
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A treatise on chemistry. Vol. 1, The non-metallic elements / by Sir H.E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer ... Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by University of Bristol Library. The original may be consulted at University of Bristol Library.

    156/792 (page 140)
    From these numbers the percentage of any acid of known specific gravity can easily be found by interpolation. 60 The Chlorides.—The compounds of chlorine with the metals are formed either by the direct union of chlorine with a metal, or by the replacement of the hydrogen in hydrochloric acid by a metal. Certain metals enter very readily into combination with chlorine, heat being always evolved, and the phenomena of combustion being frequently observed. Other metals again do not combine so easily. Most of the metallic chlorides are soluble in water; amongst those insoluble are silver chloride AgCl, mercurous chloride (calomel) HggClg, and Cuprous Chloride CugCl,. Some metals combine in more than one proportion with chlorine, thus we find : Cuprous Chloride, CU2CI2, ]\lercurous Chloride, Hg^Clg, Tin Dichloride, SnClg, Platinum Dichloride, PlCI^, Ferrous Chloride, Fe^Cl^ Cupric Chloride, CuClg. Mercuric Chloride, HgClg. Tin Tetrachloride, SnCl^. Platinum Tetrachloride, PtCI^. Ferric Cliloride, FcgClg. The chlorides of the metals are usually prepared by one of the following processes. (1) Ey acting on the metal with chlorine gas, especially when the anhydrous chloride is required. (2) By the action of chlorine upon metallic oxides, when it drives off the oxygen and unites with the metal to form a chloride. (3) By acting on the metal with hytlrochloric acid. (4) By dissolving the oxide, hydrate, or carbonate of the metal in hydrochloric acid. (5) In certain cases, by adding a soluble chloride to a solution of a salt of the metal, when the metallic chloride is obtained as an insoluble precipitate. Chlorine also unites with all the non metallic elements and with certain groups of atoms termed radicals to form chlorides of these elements and radicals respectively, some examples of which are as follows: Non-Metallic Chloniles. Hydrochloric Acid Chloride of Sulphur Trichloride of Boron Tetrachloride of Silicon . . Pentachloride of Phosphorus . HCl. SCL,. BCI3. SiCl,. rci,.