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![feeling act through will and movement, Ribot makes move- ment act indirectly through feeling. Horwicz is even more explicit in making feeling the controlling process. “ The attention, which we regard as essential to perception, actually follows the feelings, and the coming to clear consciousness of external stimuli is absolutely dependent upon the feelings.” [3] The basis for this statement is again that the attention process is nearly al- ways accompanied by a feeling, usually pleasant. Stumpf [Iia] is as strenuous for identifying feeling and attention. But he means by his statement only that the conscious phase of attention is the feeling of interest and that interest in itself is always pleasant. He traces the conditions of attention to other factors than feelings, and describes its results in consciousness in very much the way that we do. In the second volume of his work he still further modifies that statement to make it apply to passive attention alone, and admits that the will can hold the attention upon dis- agreeable impressions in certain cases. [Ilb] To decide as to the value of the feeling theory also we must appeal directly to the facts of consciousness. We must put the same questions that we put before. Do feelings precede the attention in time ? Are they essential to the attending process ? Should we have a satisfactory explanation of attention if we admitted that the atten- tion process was always preceded or accompanied by a feeling of one kind or another ? In answering these ques- tions we must distinguish two uses of the word feeling. One, the more ordinary, includes only pleasure and pain, the other means to emphasise interest as the most important element in feeling. The second problem we have already disposed of in chapter iv. The object attended to is always interesting, but it is interesting because it is attended to or * is likely to be attended to, not attended to because interest- ing. We need not then consider that form of the feeling problem in this connection.* * See note at the end of this chapter.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21523630_0302.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
