Introduction to chemical methods of clinical diagnosis / by H. Tappeiner.

  • Tappeiner, H. von (Hermann von), 1847-1927.
Date:
1898
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Introduction to chemical methods of clinical diagnosis / by H. Tappeiner. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    22/176 page 2
    Sediments are formed, consisting of earthy phosphates, ammonio - magnesian phosphate, and, later on, of ammonium urate, whilst the odour becomes un- pleasant (evolution of ammonium carbonate). § 2. Reaction of the Urinc 1. Acid.—It turns blue or violet litmus-paper red —the normal reaction of human urine—and is due, not to the presence of free acid, but to that of acid salts, chiefly monosodium phosphate NaH2P04 (acid phosphate of soda). 2. Neutral or Ä7nphoteric.—It turns blue litmus- paper red, and red litmus-paper blue. This reaction is chiefly caused by the presence of both mono- and di-sodium phosphate, NaH2P04 and Na2HP04, of which the former has an acid and the latter an alkaline reaction. 3. Alkaline.—It turns red or violet litmus-paper blue, and yellow turmeric-paper brown. This re- action may be due to : (a) So-called fixed alkali, i.e. the non-volatile alkaline phosphates and carbonates, e.g. di-sodium phosphate, Na2HP04, tri-sodium phosphate, Na3P04, and, more rarely, sodium carbonate, Na2C03. Such urine is clear or turbid when freshly passed, but after standing a short time is always turbid, owing to the Separation out of earthy phos- phates, Ca3(P04)2 and Mg3(P04)2, with which a few crystals of ammonio - magnesian phosphate may be mingled. The alkaline reaction of the test-paper does not dis- appear on drying the paper in the air. (b) Ammonium Carbonate.—Such urine was al- ready in a state of alkaline fermentation whilst still in the bladder, and presents the same characters as urine in which the change has set in through keeping.
    digitised image 1
    digitised image 2
    digitised image 3