The ready reference blotter : containing desk information, calendar for three years, domestic animals: how to keep them well and treat them when ill, English dictonary, atlas, ready reckoner, address book, at 'home' days, &c / The Molassine Company Limited.
- Molassine Company Limited.
- Date:
- [1909?]
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: The ready reference blotter : containing desk information, calendar for three years, domestic animals: how to keep them well and treat them when ill, English dictonary, atlas, ready reckoner, address book, at 'home' days, &c / The Molassine Company Limited. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![of both sexes, who may be possessed “information” they which is not in dail Phrases should be fo most part, it may be said, unn same meaning can be said that they have been prep ecessarily—occur ; ared with the utmost care fro nversation, when the PAGE PAGE PAGE PAGE E Abbreviations, . . 2 | Coinage, British 6 | Gold, standard 6|M S M SROE y es R 5 OM RC Ot weneY A betes! = arid) or: oney, legal tenderof, . . « 6/R y . See nom to tella person’s, . % 10 Common errors in writing, 3 ' 2 | Governments, British, é C3 _ 7 Rance sue terms for, . A ° 6 Rony ia, pa he cae E oe holin wine and spirits,percentage Contractions and symbols in ordinary Grocer's license, . < A ° ° 8 | Mountains and rivers, . ° . 7 | Roman numerals, é : , 6 Sucks : ) : 5 r 5 9 uSeN 5 é : ; } : 8 | Gun license, 5 . * ‘ 8 | Museum, British, ; 5 one Royal i iti : F ; d Peden Peat end dumb, + + 10 | Cookery, terms used in French and Hawker'sTicenses 6 gg 8 | Nationalfloralemblems, . . « Z epee aac Saag a IP é american Bones ys) . Pore . 7 English, . > state Dish + 3-4 | Height and weight in females, . ° to | Navy, rankin, . ‘ ‘a A 5 4 | Sizes of book and drawing paper, . 8 yee co Pree ° . . . % prceds of the world, principal, 5 6 | Hints as to using books, 5 7 | Navy, the, . f ? . e to | Slang terms for money, F . A 6 ie ee ee Stee . 5 3 7 Daye, table of, . : < id 5; 5 | Holidays, American, . 5 3 A 7 | Nobility, forms of addressing, . a 4 | Specimens of jobbing types, . 2 8 Pe ia eeadine . . . . Soe ‘a . = Ug England, Ireland, and Scot- umeray Soman, ‘ ‘i ° + 6 | Spelling, rules for, . < . at ines ve) s SS Grea . ’ ig of, . * . and, . ° : . rs A F 5 | Orders, abbreviations, : q . 2 Spiritlicense, . C 5 ° A Perna pe Abe Boye! Family, - 4 | Degrees, abbreviations, , . . 2 | Homophonous words, F ‘ fi 2 | Oxford and Cambridge boat race, . 7 Stains from books, to reiuove, . i ; Pes ry sons, r . “ 7 | Designs, registration, . E ° 9 | House agent’s license, ; f 8 | Parliaments, 5 ‘ 5 . 7 | Symbols and contractions in ordinary ‘ALenGleLe ese nei ay ae 8 | Dinner menu, order of, . ees 3 | How to correct a printer’s proof, . 8 | Passenger boatlicense, . 6 c 8 use, i : ‘ ; 7 ‘ f 8 dG ah perp ee ae ures Pog. Beensess 5 q 5 2 le 8 | Income or wages, . 5 pes 6 | Patents, price of,in different countries, 9 | Telegrams, foreign and inland, 7 5 Feo peal Shr. . 4 oe unday,. . “ . ’ 5 | Income tax, how to recover overpaid, ro | Pawnbrokers license, . ; ; 8 | Terms, English and Scottish quarter yes eee Pen tee = . 5 #mergencies, medical, , ' 4 7 | Indian weights and measures, . » 6 | Percentage of alcohol in wines and days, ’ % . A i : 5 yee as nets . ° e . 4 pavers, floral, . 2 : 4 ‘ 9 | Ink and paint, how to mix for various spirits, : 5 3 rs 5 9 | Time, . P F % A ey A 5 yorid sate Fee . ° : Pc VAs baal legal titlesin Englandand i Wastes Mio ee . K é ° 8 Persons efrank, forms of addressing, 4 aay in different parts of the world, 5 oe = 5 x jo) ete YG Ms Loe a , . é . < 4 rases, Frenc . : : c ime on boar i . 5 F 5 Boake Eee BOS ie el ce 6 | Equivalent weights and sizes of writ- Jobbing types, specimens of, , , 8 Phrases, Latin, . ‘ . : ; Pe Titles, Pee N Rec nr Ope 2 i ace oe The = a . 8 ing paper, catty te rita a 4 8 | Judges, etc., forms of addressing, . 4 | Playing cards license, 5 . : 8 | Tokens, z é : 3 f 6 te y Dh edines . = ee to | Errors to be avoided in writing, 7 2 | Killing game, legal seasons for, . § 8 | Plural nouns, formation, . . + 1-2 | Tobacco and snuff manufacturers’ Bk es eoeaae ore, . ° . 7 | Estate duty, ; A é fF 8 | Language, English, growth of, a r | Poisons and their antidotes, 7 license, . & = r . * 8 bes an ring of, . : * a 8 | Etiquette, notes on, . wa tla f to | Latin words and phrases, . : - 2-3 | Population, births and deaths—cities, 6 | Trademarks, . x : : x 9 ae va beige aera . . in Every-day names for chemica] sub- Leap year, . : 5 “ : s 5 | Population, Great Britain, . = A 6 | Types, relative sizes of, ‘ * 8 Pages terete ape ° panne sb Re : 5 5 5 to | Legacy duty, . H rs c 8 | Populationoftheworld, . A - 7 | Types, specimens of jobbing, . A 10 Bois ae eph ek ge, 7 Eee: uties, licenses, o 5 8 | Legal titlesin England and Scotland, 8 | Postage rates, . ° é . +» 4-5 | Vinegar maker's license, ° ° 8 Bee res ote ote 5 - 7 pxcusion license, Fie 5s 5 4 8 | Licenses, eat - é : . 8 | Postages, American, . - 5 - 7 | Visiting the sick, cautionsin, . ~ 7 Briehote en 9 . . e 7 emales’ height and weight, . . 10 | Male servant's license, Fs . ' 8 | Precedency, table of, . 5 : P 4 | Wages or income, . é 5 ° 6 dee Ss ar F . ° e 7 | Fictitious names, etc. ;used by artists Mayors and provosts, forms of ad- Presidents of United Statesof America, 7 | Watchonboardofships, . : ° 5 ence Jewish, : a axe: 6 ig ay etc., . & ; . 9 dressing, . 3 = 4 4 | Price of patents, . 5 3 3 9 | Wedding anniversaries, , 5 (3 7 Cantal reas . e 2 4 pees ay of the year, is % ° 5 | Marketing table, 9.68 b “ to | Printer’s proof, how to correct, . 8 | Weights and measures, . . . 5-6 Caesaaeee a eo. 4 oral emblems, national, . site 9 | Marriage, registering of, . 5 . 8 | Printing paper, equivalent sizes and Weights and measures, Indian, . 6 alendar, Roman, - es 5 | Foreign patents, price, . . . 9 | Marriage laws, . Sera ate aren, 007-S weights, . . ones . Bin WalSs yege te Son. ee fis ° to Calf bindings, to restore, . BE & 7 | French words and phrases, 5 0 3 | Measures, tables of, . . hs + 5-6 | Quantity of paperinaream, . A 9 | Words and phrases, French ! 3 Cane? licenses, . A . a 8 | French words used in menus, , . 3 | Medicine license, : 5 - . 8 | Railway tunnels, British, . © 6 | Words and phrases, Latin, Par x 273 Coane Ppaper,sizes of, . f a 8 | Game-dealer’s license, fae m 8 | Medical suggestions in emergencies, 7 | Rankinarmyandnavy, . 5 * 4 | Words, Anglo-Saxon,, A . si I autions in visiting sick, . : 7 | Game, legal seasons for killing, . 8 | Memory rhymes, A : ‘ ' to | Recovery of overpaid income tax, . to | Words, number used, . . . I ee, the every-day Game license, . a ; G 8 | Menu, . 5 5 e A 3 | Religions ofthe world, , A - 6 | Words of the same sound, . fe 2 Ginpae or, 0 . c = * to | Gasmeter,howtoread, . | 5 6 | Metric system, . . é f 4 6 | Khymes, birthday, . 5 3 ° 1o | Writing paper, equivalent sizes and ivil Service, the, Fa hi zo | Gold and silver plate license, . 4 8 | Mohammedan calendar, . : A 4] Riding rhymes, . 5 . . a 10 weights, . F: 7 : r 5 8 Clergy, forms of addressing, , 5 4 | Gold, light, . 4 Fi . . 4 6 | Money, English and foreign, . ‘ 6 | Rivers and mountains, 5 5 5 7 DHesk Prompter. Growth of the English Language. 4.D. 700-1050 Old English. toso-1150 First Transition, 1150-14co Middle English. 1400-1500 Second Transition, 1500-1650 Early Modern English, 1650-present age, Late Modern Engiish, PROPORTION OF ANGLO-SAXON WORDS USED BY OURCHIEF ENGLISH AUTHORS, Shakspeare uses 85 p.c. of A.-S., 15 of other words, Milton ” Ok FY » 9 ” Cowley ; ss 89 ” ras ” English Bible ,, 97 ” (pues. ” ‘homson » 85 ” » 15 ” Addison » 83 ” » 17 ” Spenser | » 8I ” » Id ” Locke » 80 ” ” 20 ” Pope ow 70 ” ow 24 ” Young » 79 ” #9 24 ” Swift » 9&9 ” eget ” Robertson » 68 ” » 32 ” Hume » 65 Py » 35 ” Gibbon » 53 ” » 42 © Johnson » 75 ” nm 25 ” It has been reckoned that the agricultural labourer uses about 1500 words, but this is probably an over- estimate. Intelligent artisans have a vocabulary of ¢pce words, while educated persons are familiar with, they do not use, 8000 to 10,000 words, ‘Rules for Spelling. x. A word of one syllable, ending in one consonant receded by one vowel, doubles its final consonant Sefois a sufhx beginning with a vowel: Blot, blotting, blotted; swim, swimmer, swimming ; man, manned, manning. Words ending in x, which is a double letter, are not included in this ruie. Exceptions.—Gas, gases; char (to work), chared, charing. : 2. A word of two syllables, with accent on the second syllable, when ending in one consonant pre- ceded by one vowel, doubles the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel: Repel, repelled, re- pelling; begin, beginner, beginning ; forbid, forbid- den, forbidding. fe This rule does not apply when, on the addition of any suffix, the accent of the dissyllable shifts to the first syllable: Conference, deference, deferential, inference, preference, reference, transference, etc. On the other hand, we spell conferred, conferring, Geferred, deferring, etc., the accent being on the second syllable. 3. A word ending in a single consonant, but not accented on the last syllable, or ending in more than ene consonant, or ending in a consonant preceded by more than one vowel, does not double the last letter beforea suffix: Alter, altering, altered ; blind, blinded, blinder ; appeal, appealed, appealing. _ Exceptions.—Acquit, acquitted, acquitting; coquet, coquetted, coquetting ; quit, quittal, quittance, quitted, quitting; worship, worshipped, worshipping, worshipper. t 4. A word ending in a single 1 doubles the! before a suffix beginning with a vowel: Wool, woollen, wool- lens ; travel, traveller, travelling; gambol, gambolled, gambolling. 4 Exceptions.—Parallel, paralleled; equal, equalise, equality; signal, signalise; peril, perilous; annal, annalist; feudal, feudalism; fossil, fossilised; herbal, aerbalist ; journal, journalist ; legal, legalise, legality; moral, morality; mortal, mortakty; regal, regality ; scandal, scandalous; social, socialist; total, totality; civil, civilise, civility; symbol, symbolical, symbolise; devil, devilish ; alcohol, alcoholism ; idol, idolatry, s. A word ending in e drops that letter before a suffix beginning with a vowel: Please, pleasure, eee ant; serve, servant, service, serving; fine, ish ; love, loving. Exceptions.—A word ending in ce or ge retains the e before able and ous: Notice, noticeable; peace, peaceable; change, changeable ; outrage, outrageous ; courage, courageous, On the other hand, we have practice, practicable, Singe and swinge retain the final e before ing— singeing, swingeing—to distinguish them from singing and swinging, Words ending in ee, oe, ye also retain the finale before ing; Fee, feeing ; hoe, hoeing; dye, dyeing. ie changes into y before ing: Die, dying; tie, tying; vie, vying. Yet we have hie, hieing. FORMATION OF PLURAL NOUNS. Nouns or names generally form the plural by adding s, as boot, boots; hat, hats. But— (x) Nouns or naines ending in ch, sounded soft, x, z, s, sh, also in i and o, preceded by a consonant, take es after them to form the plural, as in church, churches; box, boxes; topaz, topazes; glass, glasses ; brush, brushes ; alkali, alkalies; calico, calicoes. (2) Nouns or names ending in 0 or 00, preceded by a vowel, and the words canto, grotto, duodecimo, junto, memento, octavo, portico, quarto, solo, and tyro takes after them to form the plural, as cameo, cameos; cuckoo, cuckoos; folio, folios ; bamboo, bam- 00s. (3) The following nouns change finto v before taking es to form the plural: calf, elf, half, leaf, loaf, self, sheaf, shelf, thief, wolf=calves, elves, halves, and so forth. But knife, life, wife change f into v and takes only to form the plural, as in knives, lives, wives. (4) Nouns ending in y, preceded by a consonant, change the y into i before taking es, as in army, armies; spy, spies. But y, preceded by a vowel, takes s only, and retains the y, as in boy, boys; toy, toys; chimney, chimneys; except soliloquy, solilo- quies; colloquy, colloquies, (5) Some compound nouns form the plural s to the first part of the word: Sing., aide-de-camp, Plural, aides-de-camp; commander-in-chief, com- manders-in-chief; court-martial, courts-martial ; daugh- ter-in-law, daughters-in-law. (6) Some nouns form their plural by adding the Saxon termination en, or by changing the vowels; Sing., child; Plu., children; ox, oxen; foot, feet; mouse, mice; tooth, teeth; goose, geese; man, men; woman, women, *,* All compounds of man take men in the plural, except Mussulman, Mussulmans; Turkoman, Turko- mans ; Brahman, Brahmans ; German, Germans; Nor- man, Normans. (7) Several nouns have two plurals: Sing., brother, Plu., brothers, brethren ; cloth, cloths (different kinds), clothes (articles of wearing apparel); die, dies (stamp for making impressions); dice (small cubes used in gaming); penny, pennies (single coins); pence (amount or quantity). (8) The following nouns form their plurals accord- ing to the rules of the language to which they belong: (a) um or on is changed into a in the plural: Sing., addendum, Plu., addenda; animalculum, animal- cula; arcanum, arcana; automaton, automata; criterion, criteria; datum, data; desideratum, de- siderata; dictum, dicta; effluvium, effluvia ; enco- mium, encomia; ephemeron, ephemera; erratum, errata; ganglion, ganglia ; medium, media ; memo- randum, memoranda [in business circles memo- randums]; momentum, momenta; phenomenon, phenomena; speculum, specula; stadium, stadia} Stratum, strata. (8) is changes into es in the plural, and x into ces: Sing., amanuensis; Plu., amanuenses; analysise by adding](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b33446258_0005.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
