Cerebral convolutions of the anthropidae (man) and simiadae (apes and monkeys).
- Sharkey, Seymour John (Sir)
- Date:
- 1878
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Cerebral convolutions of the anthropidae (man) and simiadae (apes and monkeys). Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.
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![SYNOPSIS 07 M. PI33KHE GEATIOLET’S -MEMOIRE SUR LES PLIS CEREBRAUX DE L’HOMME ET DES PRlW y.B.—Tbt Ltlleri and Humber) prt/xed la the lobei, OonrolutioHi, fc., iiiinliMti li/lfiand eeliimii, slaiid/or Ihi said Labti, Com-gluliaiit, je., in each «(ufrm on CATARRDINI. HOMO. OATARRHINI. irEs.” n II level la Ibe rigbl. PLATYRBHINI. CEflCOl’iTflBOl, SBUHI R tTEBCI. UYLOHATES, or aiiiBOM. ■ lUIA SATYftUS, onAXO-UTAXO 1 HOMO IlMlATROOLOnVT or cimip&xzEE gj MAOXOI. ^^Mioa<inos.Qni MACACOS BIIBBO . bloctuiiKM a Clue *• »arto, Grat. uc crxecEMiAii ooniLU. ATEIBS. 38 (GiUT.) LAOOTUltlX. Saioub (Ghat.) CESUS CAPOCtKCrS.I CBDUS AFEIX3 CALUTUniX OAPALIS-U. I.-GKNERAL FORM. 1. I«bos which DIO uioit dorolopc Long, ■omewb hiaandpiumiooi) It Astonor & Foi orior extremity. (1) Fnriotal on 0ecipi(«L 1 Much t theOswo • moio^ (11 Sa 3 Ooeipita kotbut ; ithfoib on ( bloro glohul (itill. (1) Frontal ac d Parietal. u Globular. T brain of a Hylobi d tea only moro d volopea. (ij Frontal an Ponetol. c Enormously dove i- aped, & vcryrioh . convoluted, (l)Frontoland Fos d teriorpartofParic lai. • Tho Brain of ' Macnous, but mo ioToloped, Loiif. - thau in Orang. • (1) Frontal qo Occipital. n Depressed on re QUbudbuthroa t jm' Pariotal an Oj^staL d d Very like that . Cereopithcci. d (IJ Occipital or Ponclal. of Depressed a brood. d (1) Occipital 01 Parietal.* d Flat end dopro sell. d Elliptical in for os in tho Cynoc pbali. - Long. AntonorlF S m Postorionyb _ ). (1) Fane^ U Brain of Ato n sligbdy modific (1) Fnrietd, R Ovoid. Ro , Anteriorly. (1) Parietal. ind Like L’crcopitl but moroGlobu Angular An riorly. (1) Parietal a Occipital. oci Fairly Glohu ir. (1) Ports bcl 0- snd beloiv tho 1 lurc of Sylvius nd nr. nd (1) Ports hohin is- ind below tho Fi sure of Sylvius. II.-K.KTBRNAL SURFACE. .V. Fronlat Lo6«. (a) FrontAl lobule. 1. Superior ConvoliitioD. ‘i. Middle Convotalion. d. Inferior Convolution. (i) Urbitnl Lobule. (A) I/iDg, hu loproMod find tlai toned. 1) Very limp] [o)21 —nil nbou 3) equal, (A) Coiuldcmb], ucavatod. (A) M doveiope (ho Coir It is ] niundor, is leas than tho (A)Lc«8 than ini pithcoi. eh mor lithcoi. gber an ut yet: Qvolopc lecipita 1 Abou xenvafo 0 Cereo e (X) Larger tha tho (jceipital. (1) Larger tha (2) or (3). (A) Less excavA ted. n (A)*Voryhiah ai richly convoluted D (Ijlslargcrtha (2) and (3), and pcDcraUy divide • into two socondar convolutions. (2 & 3) aro gon cr^y moro or los blcnucd together. (4) GrenUy cxca voted when com pared with theum in Man, but less« than iu the llylo bales. A sbar bcak-likoprocossi developed inferior >>•• d (A) High, hroat aot attenuated an 0 toriorly os in th s Apes. Convolutions ox tremoly variable. (1) Larger that '2) or (3): generally iivided into tw )r three tecondur convolutions. f2j Blended witl (1) m higher roco with (3) in th (0) Very littl ucavated. (AjVorylargo. N to high a.i in th Drang, but longc Larger than iu th Uacaci. (1) Larger tlm [2) & (3): divide nto two. (2) Gonorally listinet hut small (4) Rntlur Ic, »coratcd than tho Orang. ^■o^ largo bcok-likepro jcctioniidevclopc mforiotly. I (A) Short, bu e vflMbroad. Con . vwmons reduce . iq size, but (1) i ^logSR 1 (A) Broader au iborter than in ti Cereopithcci. Convolutions vet poor, especially ( d (A) Less deve c sped than in t Chimpunzcc. y (2) nnd (3) fl 1 diiced in size. (1) Largo and d vided into sccon ary convolulious. • (A) Larger tha e in (be Cynocepba Less dovofopc - tbuu in (ho Chim panzeo. It is n - so high os in tl - Cliimpauzco: bu ot tho same time isnotioattcnuate anteriorly. n (A) Very J)S I buthighctthaiL d OceipjtnL ? . Fissnro limjjjad t Postcriorlyi^j 0 sated Ant^JgUj ; tho Bond of J : Piasuro of 1 Thisloboi^Q than in Cobus^ (I) larger fi (2) and (3). 1, (A) Much L iG that of Atelcs, 1 IC rather less dov it oped. n (c (A) Smaller tl ut In tho Sapajous. il- Rotmd Anterior an (A) Angular An norly. 0- (A) No Convo lions. Very nu but larger than the Hapalidn?. in Caliithrix. B, Pavittal J.0U. 1. Firat Aieoading Convolution. 2. Second AMending Convolution 3. Curved Convolution. (B) Moderate in (3) Rise) inlion 9t aujuniit of tho Fioturoof Svlviu*. Ascending onneb itong,mii](e« ana- eutooDglovith des- cending breueb anc nearly reaches the iuperior border of tho Bnin. (D) a (') * ( but sla more 1 than in 1 pitheci. (3) Boa woxds&h Tho urn cending summit 0 of Sylvi descendin is a little its comm go. ) Simp] t mucl Bckwoi^ 0 Cereo on down ekwords. nitfom 970. As- genoh ri- (ndwith ! Fisiurc II. The g onneb woUon ai awement. (1) and(2)SIau backwards con ridcrahly. (2) Is largo. (31 Beaten donv still more. I'h origin of iiscendin, branch is oualovt wilhtliv sununito Fissure of Sylvius Tbo desccndini bmiich still thicko nt its commence (B) Wull dovol oped. (1) Largo at on gin, thin at iu upper extremity. Slnntsbackwards (2) Slants back wardsinoretlmnfl (l)ond(2) BoA more floxuous than in Simla Troglody (3) Origin on a level with summi offissunsofSylviu Descending brand thick ntcommenco lumit, and flcxiiou afterwords. B) Welldovelopci (11 and (2) TBck ami floxuous. (1) Origin pressed for back from the bend of the Fissure efSylviusbydovel- opment of Fronto: lobe. (2) Origin separ- ited from summit }f fissure of Sylvi- us, by tho develop. ment of tho ‘ Mar- ginal Lobule.’ • (3) Origiuratbet behind summit ol FiMure of Sylvi- us. Descending branch thin at com- mcnccmeat. (B) Well dovol sped, hut not s argo ns in tho Cy noccphaU. (1) Tbin&smootl does not slant mue. backwards. (2) Thin k sim. plo at first. Form 1 largo lobulo Poa toriorly,a-hicli pro sents two horizon tnl convolutions. (3) Rises iu fron >f Fissure of Syl viiis. Commcnco montofdescoudini irnncb generaU' thin. 'flj) Very long. (1) Very broad, bt^ slightly con- sooted lu its mid- illgpart. (2) Thin at first, fd^alobulo Pos- in front ! f rifsuro of Syl- < iuB. Docs not rue 1) high or make : u'hnnaeutoanglc 13 in tho Maeacus ; Ic.wndingbranch 1 lin and straight, 19 in Chimpanzee. (B) Of Modcrat (1) and (2) Thin ’specially (2), (2) Forms n ver >m(dl lobulo Fos (3) ^isciiiifron )f Fiisuro of Sy] ” D'osconding branch thin, makes macuto nnglcwitl ascending liraueli which is very long (B) Long. (1) Very broa at Superior part. (2) Slants great ly backwards, nr basasmallcrlobii than tho True Ma coci. (3) Origin Ii (rimtoftho Fissuri of Sylvius. Dcs centuug branch 0 moderate size. Ascending brane long, e fB) Vcryla^ (1) Enormous origin. (2) Piiahod i back:—tho Fiin limiting it poefei }rly, being on level with uosiii miS-of the Fissu of Sylvius. (2) Is thin at fir but is divided iu two above. (3) Origin hcliin Fissuro of Sylviu Descending brane thin. (B) AsinAteh t but (1) is alitt smaller. 1 0 d 1. b a (B) Largo, e (1) Very largo. (3) Thin andip dmdedSuperiorl (3) Riscs-iitt^ Sly to summit: Fiuui&of Bylfit Desoondingmiti tllTOlp. 1 Narrow 1 d ieaEm branch i ihuii (B) Very short C. Orripi?<il Lebt. 1. Superior Convolution. 2. Middle Convolution. 3. Inferior Convolution. (C) Largo. Lonnr than high The^ssurosepa- ating (1) from (2) Ron absent. Tne Iporciilum is well OYcIoped. (C) lu'Meral bminiucbllkothst >fthcC<rcop>thoci, lut smaller. Tho 0|icitulumis voutineuttiiespot rhere (ho foperiot Iridging Convolu- ion joiusthii Lobe. (C) Reduced stil Deeply Fissured. It is smaller than the Frontal lobe. (C) ^’crysiuftU Imtslightlymorkec Operculum. Has many Fissures. ( 0) Extremely mmll. No trace ol m Operculum. Ir- r^iilarly tonvolu- <Vn(crior border ii lepuratcd far from descending bronch of tbo Curved Con- votulion by the de- velopment of the llridgii^ Convolu- ions. A tho Apes hoy ndjuin each other. (0) Lnrge,highcr ban long, eomploto Ipcrculum. Hai many Fissures, (C) Modernto in 1 ize. Generally 1 ighor tliiin long. Couvolutimis very 1 implc.* M’cll do- ' ol'-ipcdOporouliUD. (C) Lsrgo. Very smooth, gen orallyahsolutolyso Izirgo OpcKulum (C) Greatly do vclopod, and oRcr richly convoluted. It u longer thor high in the Mon dnU; higher than long in Impio. Complete Oper- culum. (C) Moro devol- eped than in tb( Chlmpanzco. (C) Modernto I tizc. Higher tbu long. Tho Convo lutions are mon Qumcroua in th Posterior than ii thoAstcriorparto tbo Brain. (C) AsinAlolcs but tho Convolu lions ore a littl iais numerous is thoPosteriorregioE of tbo Brain, (C) Short; high mooth. No Oper uiliim. (0) SQtena somnlala IM—is tinni Convolui D. Tmpcrc-iphtmiial liit. 1. Superior Convolution. 2. bliddle Convolution. 3. Inferior Convolution. (D) Projects ’Tcatly. (0 Large. (D) Docs not pro- ect so mu^- (1) AVclRdevel- pcd. r (D) Very short. (1) Greatly de- voloped. (D) Of moderate siro. Longbutnul hick. (1) ond (2) W'cll developed. (D) Of moderate izc. Very long. (I) Thin, fairly Icxuous. •eloped and convo- (D) Eosaboutthc :r«.EoCr Ung. thin, but (2) Well dcYOl- (D) Docs not pro- 1030 of tho Cereo. ithcci. (D)_ Largo and rominent. (2) Very large. (D) I«i]g. Does uot project much. (^ Well dovol- (D) Docs not pro- [ect so much as in ho Cbinipanzcc, irobably because ho Inferior Fron- al Convolution is not so well devel- oped. (D) Long, thin )oes not projec (2j Well dovol (D) Notes pro- minent as in Cebus Apolia. (D) Largo prommenta (D) Very SB prominent. _Tbero is a tied Inferioill jthis lobeJBO j^D tho tho I^^BofthoBB E. Ciniral Ltit. (E) Very largo III. INTERNAL SURFACE. A, Frtnio-parutat Lobt. 1. Convolution of the External Zone 2. Convolution of tho Intemsl Zone 3. Quadiilateml Lobulu. (3) Well di®^ ut smooth. ^j| 1 (1) Smooth and implc. |2) Greatly dc- (3) WcU dovcl- aped, but not so much os in Man. III. Very simple mils convoIultODs. (1) Well eonvolu- cd; dlrided into WO Anteriorly. (2) Greatly dovol- ped Posteriorly ; implo Anteriorly. (3) Greatly dovol- pcd. It reaches it! maximum in Man. Fissured, but not (3) Largo. III. The distance rom Posterior Ex- Tomityoftho Brain otboPoateriorEx- remityof tho Cor- >us Callosum is Tenter than in tho 'ruo Macaci. (3) Largo nnd ^issuicd. III. Above th( Calln^n SDq^ smooth D. Internal Oeeipital Lobule. (B) Small, iiar- •ow, high. t (B) Triangulorin brm; well dovol- pcd. Fiuured,bui not deeply. (C) Reduced in izu, and less oxea- ated for tbo Cere- >cllum. (2) Simple, short, nd smooth. (3) Greatly devci- pcd. (B)Upright; nor- ow; high. (B) rnclincs a tit- le lonvards. (B) Triangiiliir. overed with Fit- (B) Narrow. C. OctipUe-Umperal Labe. 1. Superior Convolution. 2. Middle Convolution. 3. Inferior Convolution, (2) The Hook of bo nipfOcampal onvolution is (2) Tbe Hook ol ho Hippocauipul -onvolutionislurgo (2) and (3) Both (C) Tho ConvQ- utioDS do not riio 0 high posteiiorly IS in the Corcopi- jvci, being beaten own by tho (level- pment of tho Pa- ictol Lobe. (2) Broad. Has econdfliy Convo- (C) Convolutions cry thin, 1. FintExtorual. 2. Sccoud Ettvmal. 3. Third External. ■1. Fourth External, 6. Fint Internal. 0. Second Intcmal. (1) ond (2) Both idden under the porculum, (2) Generally very mull except m Si- aia Rubm (Patas mt.). (fi^and (0) Well .(llLa.g iroly sup (2) Sma landcn- 'ficml. & hid- (1) Enormous & ntirely superficial (2) Small and liddeo, (1) Very largo, Icxuous (c super- lei al. (2) Small and liuden. (1)&(2) Thick, cxnouB, snucrli- ial.enonnou.slydo- olo^d. (l)Hnsmnnycon- oluUoiia. (3)&(4) Compora- ivcly small. (5) (0) Small nd hidden. (1) Absent. (2) Hiddun, but rgo. (Tbit is what rntioict says, but by no means al-j aysholds good,oE 2) is soinctiiues.j nd (1) very ofleti uvoloped and su- erficiol]. “b (4) and (G) Large ind distinct. (1) Absent. (2) Largo, but dden, (1) Absent. 12} Greatly di- oiopedbutluddc'ii. j 1) Largo, j 2} SmaU. Both ro superficial.^ (5) nnd (C) ‘i (1) Superficial. (2) Small and iddeu. (1) Absent. (2) Largo and uperfioial. (4) and (0) 0( ’onsidcrablo sizo. (1) Absent. (2) zirgo hut hidden. (6) nnd (C) 01 tonsidorablo kizv, V—FISSURES. 1. Fianire of S^hiiin. 2. FUiUie uf Rolando. 3. External Perpendicular. 1. IntemnI Perpendicular. b. Parallel. C. Uippo-campnl. (11 Makesalargo ngfe, with a line rawnhorixoDlnlly ummit. Tho emnniitriie.' vcrybighandisnl- rayscoveredbythe :eseonding Ironcli >f Curved Convo- ution. (41 Vertical. (0) Riles very ligh Posteriorly. Tholowerbmneb if its bifurvatinn ■ Ibo longest (so jraliolet cnys, but t by no means al- <Tsys holds good). (1) M. lonxonla overed 1 lonvolut Itmokc acglowit zontol Ui (4) and >caicn (1 sidorably ! :h moro dowu- id not Curved Asmollcr tbohori- (3) Both (1) Summit un- overed. Marginal onvolulions well ievclopcd. (4) and (C) Both icatoa downwards and backwards,and almost join CQob (1) Summit nn- overed, does not nako a largo angle vith Horizontal Marginal Conro- utioDS well devei- (1) Nearly hori- ontol, (3) Ollitcretcd. (4) Pushed down- rards and back- (6) Almost hori- ontol nnd mccU (^1) Moro horizon- d than iu Muea-1 lui Rhesus. The ummit i.s often 1 (ovoredbydcsccnd-1 og brnncU of the 1 ■urved convolution (4) Thrown fai aek. (0) Nearly hori- ontal. Tho uppei ranch of tho Bi- urcationis longest (1) Summit not suolly covered, (fi) AseoDiIs very gh on tho Brain, INcarlybnriron- I, upper broach (0) Nearly hori- Tho two branches ’ tho Bifurcation early equal. I F P [ F 1 i. 5 i II S L’ CO (t) Thoconvoii- on which limit., c summit of tBis •‘■suro, though mi- rent])- nhsontfi- ollyhidden. under 0 'lips’ of Bi,. ivsurc of Sylvius. (3) ObliiiiraiM. (6) Thoiigh^c rved couvi)lii(4i„ birU surroitijcU 13 Fissuro riles hind tho PiiJn- S-itnovcrthnlL'-.; wends very hij.)i 1 thc llrain fcJllc comliiig bmijch pears to bo eon- nuoii.3 with (he ponor Tompoynl nvoliilion. 1 4) k (0> form a htonglelogBilier .^Almost hori- (l)As in AtciM. 'ho Umitiog Con- olutionishowoTOi lightly better do- nod. (4) AsiuAtcles. (1) The limiting onvolution is pre- C0)Upgcr branch (1) As in Cohu.‘ apucinu:, U j 1) Rises higher n tho fimin and akes a larger nn- mvith a horizon-' I linotbnnin nny her Apes.* 1 (5) Present. 1 (3) Deep. 1 fl) Present. (6) Present ns a (VICO iu Ilopsle lilipud, not in apalo ilaccbus, So soya Grntiolet: It it is sometimes rotent in Unpalu • These convolu- ions vary much in be dificront iudi- • This Lobido i* ictuliar to Man, lUt it is not always well developed. * III all tbeso high 3CS thu convolu- bus vary greatly. • In both the riioM&cnqucsnnd lose with a short ail, tho Parietal ad Occipital loU.- nt the Parietal moro developed lan the UceipitaJ a tho Tnm Mara- tea; and tho Oc- pital tlinntha Pa- ittal iu the olhviv. d * In tho Man- rill tho Oceijutal much larger than tho I'apio. 1 ia th Cu Tho only Pi:- V are Sylvian & the 3Ioloch the ssuro tiiniling summit of the rved Convolu-](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b28270940_0014.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
