Dictionary of the active principles of plants: alkaloids : bitter principles; glucosides; their sources, nature, and chemical characteristics / with tabular summary, classification of reactions, and full botanical and general indexes. By Charles E. Sohn.
- Sohn, Charles E.
- Date:
- 1894
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Dictionary of the active principles of plants: alkaloids : bitter principles; glucosides; their sources, nature, and chemical characteristics / with tabular summary, classification of reactions, and full botanical and general indexes. By Charles E. Sohn. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by The University of Leeds Library. The original may be consulted at The University of Leeds Library.
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![[No pp. Cadmium-potassic iodide nor metallic salts generally.] Colour tests: Concentrated sulphuric acid, deep red. Nitric acid, light red. Frohde's solution, after half-hour, cherry ; later, nut colour (Dragendorff). (5) COLOCYNTHEIN G.-deriv. Obtained from (a) by treatment with acids. (c) COLOCYNTHITIN. Microscopic rhombic prisms ; not bitter. Soluble in hot alcohol and ether ; not in water or cold alcohol (Walz). § 75. CONIUM maculatum (spotted hemlock) the alkaloids (a) to (e); Cicuta virosa (water hemlock, cowbane) the substances (a) and (/) ; Umbelliferce. (a) CONIINE A. (Conicine, Cicutine, Alpha-propyl-piperidine), C8Hi7N or C5H10(C:iH7)N. Colourless liquid, disagreeable odour ; B.P. variously given 150°-180°-218° (?). Volatile in vapour of alcohol or water, and some- what at ordinary temperatures. Alkaline reaction, burning taste; dextro- rotatory [a]D = -r-13'8; specific gravity 0878 to 0-886. Hydrochloride crystalline ; causes dilation of the pupil; very poisonous; salts lose Coniine on evaporation. Soluble in 100 parts cold water (cloud on warming), in all proportions in alcohol, in 6 parts ether ; also in chloroform, benzene, petroleum ether, amyl alcohol, acetone, and ethereal oils ; with difficulty in carbon bisulphide. Removed from alkaline solutions by immiscible solvents, including petroleum ether. Precipitants : [Not alkaline hydrates. Not ammonia. ,, sodium acetate. „ lead acetate neutral.] Tannic acid, yellowish white. [Picric acid, not at 1 in 1,000.] [Not platinum chloride.] G-old chloride, cloud at 1 in 300. Copper sulphate. [Chromic acid produces butyric acid recognisable by odour.] Phospho-molybdic acid, yellow, 1 in 1,000. Blue with ammonia. Iodo-potassic iodide, kermes coloured pp. ; distinct at 1 in 8,000. • Bismuth-potassic iodide, yellow 1 in 2,000 ; limit 1 in 6,000. Cadmium-potassic iodide, J in 200 cloud ; (? 1 in 10,000, Dragendorff). I [Not zinc-potassic iodide.] Mercuric-potassic iodide 1 in 800, white amorphous adherent like resin ; characteristic, but nicotine similar. Mercuric chloride, white amorphous (not in very dilute solutions). [The Nicotine pp. is crystalline.] Free Coniine precipitates mercury, silver, lead, copper, tin, iron, manganese, and zinc oxides from solutions of their salts. Albumen coagulated, distinction from nicotine and solid alkaloids (' test valueless,' Dragendorff). Colour tests (mostly negative): Concentrated sulphuric acid 1 nQ ff t . f mSsufar .A standing. „ „ „ with nitric acid; ° Fuming nitric acid, bluish-worange. Dry hydrochloric acid gas, purple-red~*indigo. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (solution), no effect or pale red. Frohde's solution, no effect. Coniine salts on exposure become gradually red-wviolet^green-^vblue. (b) C0NHYDRINE A., C8H17NO. Separates out from commercial Coniine by cooling to 5° C. Crystalline pearly plates ; M.P. 126-6° ; B.P. 226°, part sublimes at 100° ; volatile without decomposition ; dextro-rotatory, powerfully alkaline (displaces ammonia from its salts). Odour faintly Coniine-like ; feebly narcotic. Soluble in water, very readily in alcohol and ether, sparingly in petroleum ether, by which, however, it may be removed from alkaline solutions. Precipitants, etc.: [Not alkaline hydrates. Not ammonia. „ lead acetate neutral.] ^Picric °ici*l } Iodo-potassic iodide W *TOm m?™ *ilute solutions than is Mercuric-potassic iodide j the case wlth Gonllne- Not attacked by cold fuming nitric acid. (c) PSEUD0-C0NH YDRINE A., C8Hl7NO (Merck). Crys. needles ; M.P. about 98° C.; B.P. 229°-231°; volatile. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. (d) METHYL-CONIINE A., C9H17N. Accompanies Coniine in hemlock ; volatile, oily, lighter than water, odour Coniine-like. (e) ETHYL-PIPERIDINE A., C7H15N, occurs with Coniine. Volatile . liquid, lighter than water.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21503023_0055.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
