Dictionary of the active principles of plants: alkaloids : bitter principles; glucosides; their sources, nature, and chemical characteristics / with tabular summary, classification of reactions, and full botanical and general indexes. By Charles E. Sohn.
- Sohn, Charles E.
- Date:
- 1894
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Dictionary of the active principles of plants: alkaloids : bitter principles; glucosides; their sources, nature, and chemical characteristics / with tabular summary, classification of reactions, and full botanical and general indexes. By Charles E. Sohn. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by The University of Leeds Library. The original may be consulted at The University of Leeds Library.
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![Soluble flightly in cold water, readily in chloroform, also in hot alcohol, | but sparingly in amyl alcohol, ether, benzene or petroleum ether. Precipitants: Alkaline hydrates. ,, carbonates. Tannic acid, yellowish-gray flocculent. Picric acid, yellow flocculent. Potassium bichromate, yellow crystalline. Iodo-potassic iodide, dark yellow amorphous. Bismuth-potassic iodide, orange. Cadmium-potassic iodide, white flocculent. Mercuric-potassic iodide, reddish-yellow. Colour tests : Concentrated sulphuric acid, pale yellow. t „ with sugar, yellowish-green-v~flesh colour •wcherry red, finally dark violet after long exposure. Nitre added to solution in sulphuric acid—dark reddish-yellow. Nitric acid, yellow. Hydrochloric acid, gradually brownish-green on warming~red on longer heating. Solution is fluorescent. Potassic perchlorate and sulphuric acid—orange. Frohde's reagent, greenish-yellow. § 107. GARCINIA mangostana (Mangosteen); Guttiferm or Clusiacece. The shells of the fruit. Investigator : W. Schmid, Ann. Chem. Pharm., 93, 83, and P. B. Liechti. (a) MANGOSTIN B., C20H,.,O6 (Liechti) ; yellow crystalline plates ; M.P. 190° (173° Liechti), with sublimate; neutral reaction, tasteless, odourless. Separable with difficulty from the resin accompanying it. Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, carbon bisulphide, glacial acetic acid, and acetone ; not readily in benzene, and insoluble in water or petroleum ether. Reactions Alkaline hydrates dissolve yellow. [No pp. neutral lead acetate.] Pp. basic lead acetate. Not precipitated by other metallic salts. Concentrated sulphuric acid, dissolves yellowish-red. Nitric acid decomposes with production of oxalic acid. Ferric chloride, dark green to black coloration. Platinum chloride, reduced. Gold chloride, reduced. (b) IS0MANG0STIN (G.,0H..,.2Ori)n ; prepared from the preceding substance j dark brown amorphous. The alkaline alcoholic solution shows green fluorescence. § 108. GARDENIA lucida (G. balsamifera, yielding Decamalee Gum) ; CinchonaceoB or Rublacece. Investigators : Stenhouse and Grove, J. Chem. Soc, 1877. GARDEN IN B., C^H^O ; dark yellow glittering crystals ; M.P. 1630-164<\ Soluble in alcohol, easily in ether, scarcely in water, and not in petroleum ether. Reactions : Alkaline hydrates do not dissolve. Concentrated nitric acid, momentary crimson. Hydrochloric acid, dissolves on warming. § 109. GASTROLOBIUM bilobum; Leguminosm. Investigator: Rummel, Chim. Kin., 1880, 1,032. GASTH0L0BIN G. ; saffron odour, hygroscopic. Soluble in boiling water and boiling alcohol. § 110. GENTIANA lutea (Gentian) ; Gentianacem. The root. In- vestigator : Kromayer, Arch. Pharm., [2], 110, 27, and others. (a) GENTIOPICRIN G. (not Gentianin), C.m.H.joO^+HjO ; crystals only obtainable from fresh root (4 gms. from G lbs.) ; yellow, neutral, bitter; M.P. (when anhydrous) 120°-125° ; acids give Gentiogenin and sugar. Soluble in water, alcohol (with difficulty if absolute), chloroform, difficultly also in benzene, and sparingly in ether. It is removed from acid solutions by chloroform in part, by benzene with difficulty, and in traces hy ether. Reactions : Absorbed by charcoal. Alkaline hydrates dissolve yellow. Ammonia, warm, dissolves yellow. [Not precipitated by lead acetate, neutral.] Ammoniacal lead acetate, pp. (Dragendorlf) ; no pp. (Hiisemann) ? [Ferric chloride, no change.] Silver nitrate ammoniacal, reduction and deposit of silver. [Fehling's solution, not reduced.] Concentrated sulphuric acid dissolves yellow on warming ; the alkaline solution on treatment with sulphuric acid becomes first colourless, then carmine on warming. (b) GENTIOGENIN G.-derivative ; from above by boiling with dilute acids; yellowish-brown amorphous powder (permanent); taste bitter; reaction neutral.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21503023_0066.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
