Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Practical anatomy. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University.
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![found to be advantageous to have one curved pair, which is very useful in preparing the ligaments. Sounds and staffs will be required for the purpose of practising the introduction of the instruments into the bladder; but these are found in most dissecting rooms, together with saws and other large tools requisite for dissection. [As to dress the student should wear for protection a pair of sleeves and a long apron. Those made.of rubber cloth are the best, but cheaper ones can be made of ena- melled cloth or simple black muslin. The janitors of the dissecting-rooms usually furnish them.] The student will do well to bear in mind that he will probably be called upon in after life to operate on the living bocVy, the only true preparation for which is careful dissection ; he should, therefore, as far as possible, conduct all his dissections as methodically and with as much care as if operating on the living body, and by this means he will do much to fit himself for his duties as a practical surgeon. [The skin consists of two laj-ers, the true skin or derma, and the scarf-skin or epidermis. In subjects the latter is easily separated from the true derma b}* slight force, espe- cially if the}' have been soaking for any time ; it should be as far as possible carefull}r preserved during dissection, as it prevents the subjacent parts from dr}Ting.] In removing the skin, the first incisions should be made at once through its whole thickness, and a corner being held with the for- ceps, the knife is to be carried with a sweeping movement beneath it, the edge being towards the skin and the back to the fascia, which should be left smooth and uniform. The under surface of skin neatly reflected is white, and the tissue beneath it more or less jellow. [The superficial fascia consists of loose areolar tissue in which is contained the layer of fat which protects the body from cold. Its thickness, therefore, is very variable. It is recognized by its yellow color. By careful dissection it may be divided into two (or more) layers, between which lie the superficial vessels, nerves, and lymphatic glands, the mammary gland, the platysma n^oid muscle in the neck, etc. The deep fascia is a dense fibrous layer, white and glistening in appearance. It lies directly under the super- ficial fascia, forms a firm sheath to the entire limb, by its prolongations between the muscles it furnishes a sheath to](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21020735_0025.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
