Intelligence testing : methods and results / by Rudolf Pintner.

  • Rudolf Pintner
Date:
[1923]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Intelligence testing : methods and results / by Rudolf Pintner. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    20/424 page 8
    The Deaf. — Excluding from consideration the char- itable asylums that were found in early times and in the middle ages, caring for the outcasts and the defec- tives in general, we may say that, of children who are not entirely normal, deaf children were the first to attract the special interest of the educator. The afflic- tion of deafness is more striking and more dramatic than the afflictions of blindness or of feeblemindedness. The uneducated deaf and, therefore, dumb child is so utterly unlike the normal hearing child as to arrest attention at once. He has no means of communication with his fellows and cannot say the simplest words, a condition that is only approached by a very low grade idiot, whereas in other ways he shows signs of intelli- gence much above the idiot. Again the crude attempts of the deaf to communicate with others by means of simple natural signs must have suggested to the edu- cator a simple means of instruction that needed only to be enlarged and systematized. Ponce de Leon (1520-1584) is credited with being one of the first to educate the deaf by signs and also by oral speech. In the seventeenth century Juan Pablo Bonet is supposed to have invented a manual alphabet from which that now used in the United States is de- scended. In the eighteenth century Pereire in France revived Bonet’s alphabet and taught lip-reading and speech. The Institution for Deaf Mutes in Paris was founded by the Abbe de l'Epee (1712-1789), and the methods employed in this school were later on studied by T. H. Gallaudet and brought over to America. He became the head of the first school for the deaf in this country, the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Connecticut, founded in 1817.
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