Races of man / by Sonia Cole.

  • Sonia Mary Cole
Date:
1965
Catalogue details
    18/150 page 13
    it is the skull which is particularly diagnostic. Brachycephalic or round skull common5 malars prominent and pushed forward so that the lower rim of the orbit (eye socket) is advanced5 brow-ridges poorly developed5 root of nose very flat and broad, bridge low, nasal aperture narrow; palate and dental arch short and wide5 lower jaw wide with flaring hinder angles; shovel-shaped incisors (scooped out behind); flat occiput with marked torus or ridge; vault of the cra nium often 'keeled' along its length. Australoids: The Australoids have probably departed less from the form of early man than any of the other major stocks. Particularly characteristic are the receding forehead, prominent brow-ridges, and large palate and teeth. The body-build is slender, with long legs. Certain measurements of the head, face, nose and body will now be considered in more detail. The Head: Long-heads and Round-heads Among the measurements which used to be considered particularly diagnostic was the cephalic index (on the living head) or the cranial index (when measure ments are taken from the skull). The index is the breadth/length ratio expressed as a percentage. Skulls are classified as follows: Dolichocephalic (long and narrow), cephalic index (referred to as c.i.) less than 75-9 Mesocephalic (medium), c.i. 76-80-9 Brachycephalic (short and broad), c.i. more than 81*0 It is usual to add one to two points to the cranial index to make it comparable with the cephalic index on the living head. These terms to describe long-heads and round-heads were introduced by Huxley (1865) and skull measurements have been considered diagnostically very important ever since. On the whole, however, the cephalic index seems to be of limited significance as a criterion of race. Populations in Europe, Africa and Australia often have the same cranial index yet other features of the skull make them quite distinctive; but in distinguishing between groups within one major stock the cranial index often varies considerably and for this purpose it can be a useful measurement. There are, of course, many other racially significant measurements of the
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