Races of man / by Sonia Cole.

  • Sonia Mary Cole
Date:
1965
Catalogue details
    21/150 page 16
    The Nose The nasal index is the percentage ratio of breadth to height; on the skull, nasal classification is as follows: Leptorrhine (narrow), nasal index less than 47'9 Mesorrhine (medium), nasal index 48—52*9 Platyrrhine (broad), nasal index more than 53. On the living subject, the nasal index is higher; it varies from less than 70 (leptorrhine) to more than 84 (platyrrhine). Noses of females tend to be broader and shorter than those of males and the nasal index decreases considerably with age. Australoids are the most platyrrhine of the living races and Negroids too have short, broad noses; most Mongoloids are mesorrhine, except for the Eskimos who, like the Caucasoids, are typically leptorrhine. The shape of the nasal aperture may be strongly affected by climate. In hot, moist climates, the nasal aperture is generally broad; in cold, dry climates it is narrow. Temperature is more important than humidity. A restricted air intake under cold conditions would seem to be essential to lessen the danger of chilling the lungs; but Washburn (1963) considers that there is no evidence that nose form is affected by the necessity of warming the air intake. The nose itself, of course, may be of many different shapes. The profile, which includes the root, bridge, tip and septum separating the nostrils, may be concave, straight or convex and there are various forms within each of these categories. The wings of the nostrils and the shape of the nostrils also vary con siderably. Certain general types are racially typical. The Negro nose is short and has a broad, depressed root; the bridge is also broad and may be concave or straight; the tip is thick and usually turned upwards; the wings are thick and flaring, the nostrils round. The Australoid nose is similar, but the root is more deeply de pressed, the tip larger, and the wings even more spreading. The Mongoloid nose is strongly concave and 'infantile'; compared with the Negroid nose it has a lower and less broad root, a lower and narrower bridge, a less bulbous tip, thinner wings and septum. Caucasoids, particularly Nordics and Mediterraneans, are charac terized by a nose that is often convex and typically narrow, with high root and bridge, long tip, and depressed wings. The Alpines of central Europe have a shorter, broader nose, often straight in profile, with a rather thick tip. The hooked Armenoid or 'Jewish' nose is seen also among Melanesians and Papuans. American
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