Diseases of the stomach and intestines : a manual of clinical therapeutics for the student and practitioner / by Dujardin-Beaumetz ; tr. from the 4th French ed. by E.P. Hurd.

  • Georges Octave Dujardin-Beaumetz
Date:
1886
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Diseases of the stomach and intestines : a manual of clinical therapeutics for the student and practitioner / by Dujardin-Beaumetz ; tr. from the 4th French ed. by E.P. Hurd. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.

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    painful the more of nutritive materials the food contains in a given bulk, and vice-versa. 3. Foods do not leave the stomach in the order in which they are intro- duced; it is not those which are the most altered by digestion which are the first to pass the pylorus, but those which, containing more of alimen- tary materials, are most refractory to the digestive forces. Braune has still more recently made some observations on a subject possessing an artificial anus in the small intestine, about twenty-four centimeters from the ileo-caecal valve. According to this observer, the chyme is neutral during fasting and acid during digestion. The mucous membrane is always alkaline. Fresh meat, ingested by the mouth, takes three hours to appear at the fistula, and at the end of five or six there remain no more traces of it. * Leven has recently made a number of experiments touching the cohe- sion of aliments, which go to confirm those of other experimenters. He gives to a dog two ounces of liquid white of egg, and kills the animal an hour afterward; the stomach is found completely empty. Then he gives to another dog an ounce of white of egg hard boiled, and kills him two hours afterward; in the stomach is discovered half an ounce of undigested white of egg. To another animal he administers three ounces of hard boiled white of egg, and after three hours one ounce of this hardened albumen is found in the stomach.* 6 Leucine is present normally in the pancreas, spleen, thymus, thyroid, and salivary glands, the liver, kidneys, suprarenal capsules, the brain and the lymphatic glands. It has for formula C6H1SM)„. It crystallizes in white plates. Insoluble in ether, it dissolves in 27 parts of cold water, and more readily still in warm water. It melts at 170° C. Treated to a higher temperature it decomposes into CO„ and amylamine, 06Hi;,NO„+ C02C5H]3N. It forms combinations with acids and bases. In the stom- ach leucine is combined with HC1 in such a way as to moderate somewhat the action of the acid, and it is probably under this form of combination that the HC1 is secreted by the gastric glands. The formula of chlorhydrate of leucine is HC1, C£H1SN02. This is the way that Charles Richet proceeds in the search for leucine: Having prepared an infusion of the rennets of eight calves, I obtained about 800 c.c. of a chlorhydric solution, the addition of hydrochloric acid being necessary to remove the active substances contained in the mucous mem- brane, and prevent putrefaction. This solution was treated by a suffi- cient quantity of carbonate of silver recently precipitated, and slightly heated, and then filtered, so as to be completely deprived of hydrochloric acid. On passing through it a current of sulphuretted hydrogen there is precipitated in the state of sulphide the oxide of silver which is formed in part during the reaction. But the sulphide of silver cannot all be separated by filtration; it is necessary to evaporate the supernatant liquid slowly in a vacuum or at a moderate heat. When the liquor is evaporated to a syrupy consistence, it is treated with boiling alcohol till all the in- gredients are dissolved. We thus obtain a solution of leucine, of tyrosine, and such like substances, while the peptones, the sulphide of silver, and the mineral salts are insoluble in these conditions. In the alcoholic liquor evaporated, then abandoned to itself, we note the presence of tryosine and especially of leucine. * Leven, Traite des Maladies de l'Estomac, 1879, p. 33.