Volume 2
Contributions to Fox ethnology / Truman Michelson.
- Truman Michelson
- Date:
- 1927-30
Licence: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Credit: Contributions to Fox ethnology / Truman Michelson. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![the Thunder gens. I have found among the Fox some parallels to this, but the subject is still very obscure. As to the invitations to special gentes, there are parallels in the Thunder dance of the Bear gens as well as in the Buffalo-head dance of the Thunder gens. For further comparative notes see Fortieth Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 23, 497, and Bulletins 85 (pp. 51, 97, 117), 87, and 89 of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The speaker, PA'c.itonlgwA (pp. 13, 23) has been dead many years; John Leaf (pp. 9, 11, 17, etc.), a ceremonial attendant, has recently died. I do not know who their successors are, nor how they were inducted into office. I give such data as I can on various persons mentioned. The facts are frequently drawn from the two lists of Fox gentes and ceremonial organizations, with the names of members in both cases, written by Alfred Kiyana on two separate occasions at a long interval apart, of which I have spoken on more than one occasion. PA'citonigwA was the last Fox chief recognized by the United States. He belonged to the Brown Bear division of the Bear gens, though the chieftainship is supposed to be in the Black Bear division. He was a To'kan, (For the rules governing membership in the tribal moieties, see the American Anthropologist, n. s., vol. 15, p. 692.) Formerly he was custodian of the sacred pack called Sagima'kwawA (on which see Bull. 85, Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 117), and was a speaker in the festival connected with it. He was also custodian of the sacred pack connected with the Catamenial Society (MyanotawA'ckwa'Agi, “Those who belong to the Catamenial Society”; sometimes a partici¬ pial, animate intransitive plural, is used, MyanotawA'ckwatcigi: cf. Ki'ckitlyatcigi and Ki'ckitlya'Agi). He also was a speaker in the Thunder dance of the Bear gens (Bull. 89, Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 3) as well as in the festival connected with the A'penawana'A sacred pack of the Thunder gens (on which see Bull. 85, Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 97 et seq.). He is the paternal grandfather of George Young Bear. He was bom in 1842 (so Ward, The Meskwaki People of Today, apud, Iowa Journal of History and Politics, vol. iv, p. 190; some additional facts regarding him as well as other persons mentioned below will be found; all dates of birth are taken from this source). John Leaf (Ta'tApAgo'A) was a member of the War Chiefs gens and was a To'kan, being born in 1865. He was the drummer in the White Buffalo dance of the War Chiefs gens, speaker when the War Chiefs gens worships the wolf and gives a dance. Jim Peters (Li te da, Li te wa; Lye la e ga [and hj^pocoristic Lye la e A], in the current syllabary, but substituting roman tj'pe), of Sauk descent, who is mentioned only incidentally, was born in 1866. For years he was the leader of the conservative faction and made his home a social center. He was the owner of a sacred pack now in](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b29828004_0002_0014.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
