The emergency function of the adrenal medulla in pain and the major emotions / by W.B. Cannon.

  • Walter Bradford Cannon
Date:
[1914?]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The emergency function of the adrenal medulla in pain and the major emotions / by W.B. Cannon. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Whether circulating sugar can be immediately utilized by active muscles has been a subject of dispute. The claim of Chauveau and Kaufmann that a muscle uses about three and a half times as much blood sugar when active as when resting,’ although sup- ported by Quinquaud,? and by Morat and Dufourt,’ has been denied by Pavy, who failed to find any difference between the sugar content of arterial and venous blood when the muscle was contracting; and also by Magnus-Levy, who has estimated that the amount of change in sugar content of the blood passing through a muscle must be so slight as to be within the limits of the error of analysis.» On the other hand, when blood or Ringer’s solution is repeatedly perfused through contracting heart muscle, the evidence is clear that the contained sugar may more or less completely dis- appear. Thus Locke and Rosenheim found that from 5 to Io centigrams of dextrose disappeared from Ringer’s solution re- peatedly circulated through the rabbit heart for eight or nine hours. And recently Patterson and Starling have shown that if blood is perfused repeatedly through a heart-lung preparation for three or four hours, and the heart is continually stimulated by adrenalin added to the blood, the sugar in the blood wholly van- ishes; or if the supply of sugar is maintained, the consumption may rise as high as 8 mgms. per gram per hour — about four times the usual consumption.’ When an animal is eviscerated it may be regarded as a preparation in which the muscles are perfused with their proper blood, pumped by the heart and oxygenated by the lungs. Under these circumstances, the percentage of sugar in the blood steadily falls,? because the utilization by the tissues is not 1 CHAUVEAU and KAUFMANN: Comptes rendus, Académie des Sciences, 1886, Clli, p. 1062. 2 QUINQUAUD: Comptes rendus, Société de Biologie, 1886, xxxviii, p. 410. ® Morat and Durourt: Archives de physiologie, 1892, xxiv, p. 327. * Pavy: The Physiology of the Carbohydrates, London, 1894, p. 166. 5’ Macnus-Levy: v. NNoorden’s Handbuch der Pathologie des Stoff- wechsels, 1906, i, p. 385. 6 LockE and ROSENHEIM: Journal of physiology, 1907, xxxvi, p. 211. 7 PATTERSON and STARLING: Journal of physiology, 1913, xlvii, p. 143. 8 See MactEeop and Pearce: this Journal, 1913, xxxii, p. 192. Pavy and S1au: Journal of physiology, 1903, xxix, p. 375. MAcLrEop: this Journal, 1000, XXlll, p. 278:
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