Introduction to the study of organic chemistry : a text-book for students in the universitites and technical schools / by John Wade.

  • Wade, John.
Date:
1898
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Introduction to the study of organic chemistry : a text-book for students in the universitites and technical schools / by John Wade. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    457/490 (page 435)
    flux appts., and SO c.c. cone, nitric acid slowly added (draught cupboard). Boil down iu draught cupboard. Note m.-pt. anhydride. Soda until just alkaline (after boiling). Note m.-pt. of acid and conversion into anhydride. Phthalic Acid to Benzene.—1 gram mixed with 10 grams powdered lime and 2 grams iron filings. Prove benzene by nitration. [Oxidation of Paraxylene to Paratoluic Acid.—Boil 5 c.c. with 30 c.c. dil. nitric acid (1:4) until dissolved. Wash and dry product. Note sublimes without melting.] Oxidation of Paratoluic to Terephthalic Acid.—3 grams acid, 2 grams caustic soda, 240 c.c. water ; add to boiling soln. slowly 11 grams perman- ganate in 440 c.c. water, until supernatant liquid shows permanent pink colour. Wash and dry terephthalic acid, noting insolubility. Sublime. CHAPTER L1II Mesitylene.—50 c.c acetone, 65 c.c. cone, sulphuric acid, diluted with 30 c.c. water, 100 grams clean sand. Separate and purify mesitylenic and uvitic acids, and note m.-pts. Toluene and xylene from them by distn. with slaked lime. CHAPTER LIV Cinnamic Acid.—Boil 10 c.c. benzaldebyde, 28 c.c. acetic anhydride—both freshly distilled—with 5 grams recently fused and powdered sodium acetate in a flask with air-condenser, 6 hours without intermission. Mix the molten product with water, and steam distil. Animal charcoal, 5 grams powdered. Yield 30%. Note m.-pt. and action of bromine and alkalies. Yellow ppt. with ferric chloride. Styrene from Cinnamic Acid.—Distil 5 grams cinnamic acid with 10 grams lime. Redistil distillate with steam. Dry and note b.-pt. and action of bromine. Take m.-pt. of dibromide. Aniline from Indigo.—Distil 2 grams indigo from test tube with 4 grains caustic soda and 4 c.c. water. Prove aniline. CHAPTER LV Pinene. — Distil some ordinary spirit of turpentine with steam. Saturate some with dry hydrogen chloride gas. Shake some with permanganate soln. [Carvacrol and Cymene.—Distil 24 grams camphor with 5 grams iodine, and fractionate distillate. Note b.-pt. Distil product with phosphorus pentasulphide (red phosphorus warmed with sulphur in dish; theor. qties.). Oxidise cymene with dil. nitric acid, and identify terephthalic acid.] [Dehydration of Camphor. = Distil 10 grams with same wt. pentoxide. Redistil distillate, and note b.-pt. and characters.] [Camphoric Acid.—20 grams camphor; 100 c.c. cone, nitric acid.] CHAPTER LVI [Diphenyl.—Benzene dropped from tap-funnel (15-25 drops per minute) into turned-up end of long iron gas pipe, filled with pumice in combustion furnace; dull red heat. Yield 50% on benzene unrecovered. Fractionate with air condenser and note m.-pt.] Benzoin.'—10 grams benzaldebyde ; 1 gram potassium cyanide in 30 c.c. meth. spirit; 20 c.c. water, heated in reflux appts. on w.-b. for an hour. Recryst. from alcohol, and note m.-pt. Benzil.—5 grams of benzoin; 10 c.c. cone, nitric acid. Reflux appts. Note m.-pt. and violet with alcoholic potash. CHAPTER LYII RoscLniline.—Boil 1 c.c. commercial aniline with 1 gram mercurie chloride and 10 c.c. water. Note colour,