A study of some casts of the infantile pharynx : with special reference to the Eustachian tube ; A note on Eustachian obstruction ; Partial bibliography of recent papers relating to the Eustachian tube / by William C. Braislin.
- Braislin, William C. (William Coughlin), 1865-1948.
- Date:
- 1909
Licence: In copyright
Credit: A study of some casts of the infantile pharynx : with special reference to the Eustachian tube ; A note on Eustachian obstruction ; Partial bibliography of recent papers relating to the Eustachian tube / by William C. Braislin. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.
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![yo Hammerschlag, V., Respiratory and Pulsatory Movements of the Drum Membrane. 1st Austrian Otol. Cong. Report, in Arch, of Otol., XXV., 1895, pp. 408-409. The investigations were made with an instrument similar to that of Mach, upon 4 healthy young individuals, in 3 0 observations. He found the Mt. exhibits constant movements, coincident with the systole of the heart. Hammerschlag, V., On the Function of the Eustachian Tube. Arch, fiir Ohrenheilk, XLIIL, 1897, p. 65, (a reply to Lucae’s article in Arch. f. O.). He believes the middle ear and naso-pharynx are in open communication. [Hartman, in Arch, of Otol., XXVII., 1898, pp. 179-180 again shows the fallacy of this belief in a review of the article. During inspiration alone no equalization of pressure ordinarily oc- curs, but on deglutition equalization is restored. B.]. Hammerschlag, V., On the Reflex Movements of the Tensor Tympani and Its Central Paths. Sitzungber der Wien Akad, Math-naturn, Bd. CVllL, 3, p. 1. The contraction of the tensor in dogs, is believed by H. to be a reflex, passing through the auditory nerve and originating in sound waves. In addition to the tract between the eighth and the fifth nuclei of the same side there is one between the eighth nerve nucleus of the one and the fifth motor nucleus of the other. Contractions of the tensor tympani occur after removal of the entire brain cortex, hence is a pure reflex process. Hartmann, A., Function der Tuba Eustachii. Archiv. f. Anat. und Physiologie, 1874. Experiments regarding the amount of pressure necessary to inject air through the tubes under varying conditions. While the muscles were in a state of rest air entered at a pressure of 20 to 40 mm. column of mercury. During the act of swallowing, 20 mm. or less was sufficient. In only one of the individuals who submitted himself to the experiments, the Eustachian tubes were open in a state of rest and the membrana tympani were pressed outward at a pressure of 10 mm. of mercury. Hartmann, A., Mittheilirtig iiber die Function der Tuba Eustachii. Archiv. fiir Anatomie und Physiologie, 1877, pp. 543-548. H. concludes that the act of swallowing draws tense the membranous walls of the tube, transforming this previously flaccid canal into a rigid one, that the tube remains closed as long as the muscles of the soft palate are at rest. He states that the weight of 200 mm. of mercury by manometric measurement is incapable of causing air to enter the tube](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b22426309_0034.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
