A medical handbook : for the use of practitioners and students / by R.S. Aitchison.

Date:
1899
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A medical handbook : for the use of practitioners and students / by R.S. Aitchison. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

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    free from all fallacies. He takes two parts of hydrochlorate of phenyl-hydrazin, and three of acetate of soda, and places them to- gether in a test-tube containing about two drachms of urine. A little water may be added if the salts do not dissolve on gently warming the solution. The test tube is now placed in boiling water for twenty to thirty minutes. Afterwards it is placed standing in cold water. A yellow crystalline deposit occurs when sugar is present; and this sediment when examined under the microscope is seen to be composed of yelloiv acicidar crystals—detached or in clusters (phenyl-glucosazon). The test is very delicate. Quantitative Estimation of Sugar.—Paw'^ Method.—Take lo c.c. iirineand dilute to loo ex. in the burette. Place 20 c.c. Pavy's sol. into the flask, cork, and attach to burette; boil one minute and keep simmering to expel air. Drop from burette, and shake flask, till Pavy's sol. = colourless. Read quantity of urine used. Calculation.—(i) 20 c.c. Pavy's sol. = o'oi gram: or qiS4 grains glu- cose .-. of the quantity of urine used from the burette ; 28-4 c.c. . oj) : : 0-I54 grains : grains ^wzo'ifi per ounce. Multiply by the total amount of urine passed in twenty-four hours. Fehling's Method.—10 c.c. Fehling's sob diluted, and placed in a porcelain dish. Urine placed in the burette, as in Pavy's method, and dropped into Fehling's sol. until colourless. Calculation.—10 c.c. Fehling's sol. = 05 gram: or 77 grains glucose . ■- iV of quantity of urine used from the burette : 28-4 c.c. {i.e., o]) '77 grains : grains glucose per ounce. Multiply by the total amount of urine passed in the twenty-four hom-s. Tests for bile, blood, and pus; urobilin, indican, and acetone; and for chlorides, phosphates, and uric acid. Bile.—This re-action is really due to the pigments in the bile. A few drops of urine and of fuming nitric acid are placed separately upon a white porcelain slab, and then allowed to run into each other. If bile be present, there is a play of colours—violet, green, red—gradually fading away. The tests for the bile-acids are tedious, and only suitable for the laboratory. Blood. (i) A drop of tincture of guaiacum is added to a small quantity of urine in a test-tube, and about half an inch of ozonic ether is poured in. A blue colour forms. (2) The urine may be treated with caustic potash and boiled. The resulting precipitate of basic phosphates with hasmatin is coloured a bright-red. (3) The spectroscopic test may be applied {HcEmoglobin and Methamoglobm). Pus.—Add a solution of potash to the sediment, and il pus, it becomes 7-opy—mucus becomes thin and flocculent. _ Urobilin.—Thz urine is dark and often Irothy. The clinical interest of urobilinuria is associated with hemorrhages and extra- vasations of blood into the tissues. The blood-colouring matter is re-absorbed and eliminated by the kidneys. Gerhardt suggests that a chloroform extract of the urine should be treated with solution of iodine, and caustic potash added, when a beautiful green fluorescence develops. Urobilin can be tested spcctroscopically. _ _ Jmluan.—urine has a rich dark-brown colour, and it is