Encyclopaedia Americana: a popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, brought down to the present time : including a copious collection of original articles in American biography : on the basis of the seventh edition of the German Conversations-Lexicon (Volume 11).

Date:: 1830-33

Credit: Encyclopaedia Americana: a popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, brought down to the present time : including a copious collection of original articles in American biography : on the basis of the seventh edition of the German Conversations-Lexicon (Volume 11). Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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and runs into the bay of Fundy. For boats it is navigable 200 miles; for sloops of titty tons, 80 miles. Its tributaries are the St. Francis (q. v.), Aroostook, Mada- waska. As a navigable channel, it is superior to any north-east of the Hudson. The numerous rivers on the eastern de- clivity of the Apalacbiaii chain afford the advantages of a good inland navigation to most parts of the Atlantic states. In all those streams which flow through the alluvial region from the Mississippi to the Roanoke, tiie tide waters of the ocean terminate at some distance from the foot of the mountains, varying from 30 to 120 miles. From the Roanoke to the Hudson, they extend through the alluvial region to the base of the primitive hills; but in no rivers south of the Hudson do they pass beyond the alluvial region. As far as the tide flows, the streams are generally navi- gable for sloops. In passing from the hilly and primitive to the flat and alluvial region, the streams are almost uniformly precipitated over ledges of rocks, by rap- ids, which ohstruct their navigation. In- deed, the line of alluvion marks the line of navigation from the sea, which passes through Milledgeville on the Altamaha, Augusta on the Savannah, Columbia and Camden on the Santee, Richmond on the James, Fredericksburg on the Rappahan- nock, Georgetown on the Potomac, and Trenton on the Delaware. (See the arti- cles on these rivers, and our article North America, division Geology of.) Above the rapids, navigation is performed entirely by boats propelled by oars or poles, or drawn up by ropes, or by means of the bushes growing on their banks. (For the Savan- nah river, see the article.) The rivers of South Carolina are navigahle nearly through the alluvial region, and there are some good harbors at their mouths. The coast of North Carolina is bordered with a range of low, sandy islands, enclosing a chain of sounds. Their entrances are generally obstructed by bars, which ves- sels of considerable size cannot pass. Rut the streams are navigable for sloops some distance into the interior. The Chesa- peake bay is, of itself, an inland sea of considerable size, and, with the nume- rous streams and inlets on its borders, forms an important channel to the ocean for a large extent of country, including the whole of Maryland and the eastern de- clivity of Virginia, and extending through the middle section of Pennsylvania, nearly to the small lakes of New York. (See Chesapeake, James River, Potomac, Susque- hannah. For the Delaware Lay and river, sec Delaware.) New Jersey has the Rari- tan (<]. v.); and the Passaic (q. v.) and Hackinsack afford a short inland naviga- tion. The Hudson is the only river in the U. States where the tide passes through the alluvial, primitive and transition form- ations. It is navigable for ships to the city of Hudson, and sloops of considerable burden pass through all the formations, to the falls of the secondary country, above Troy, which is 165 miles from the ocean. (See Hudson.) In the rivers of the U. States east of the Hudson, the tide extends only a small distance, and the navigation is obstructed by the falls and rapids, which are common in primitive countries. The Connecticut is navigable for vessels of considerable size fifty miles, to Hartford. (See Connecticut.) The Merrimac (q. v.) of New Hampshire is much obstructed by rapids. The rivers of Maine are generally obstructed. The Penobscot (q. v.), the St. John's, already mentioned, and the western branch of the Kennobec (q. v.), afford a boat navigation nearly to their sources. The heads of these rivers ap- proach within no great distance of the waters of the St. Lawrence ; and the port- age from the head of the Kennebec to that of Chaudiere river is only five miles. The waters of the St. Lawrence or the great lakes have two natural communica- tions with the branches of the Mississippi at particular seasons. The Fox river, which flows into the branch of lake Michigan called Green Bay, rises near the AVisconsin branch of the Mississip- pi, and afterwards flows within a mile and a half of its channel, separated from it only by a short portage over a prairie. Rivom ; a village in the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, five leagues north- west of Verona, between lake Garda and the right bank of the Adige, near the imperial road leading from Trent to Ve- rona, with 535 inhabitants, famous for a bloody battle between Bonaparte and the Austrians, on Jan. 14 and 15,1797, which decided the fate of Italy. After the Aus- trian general Alvinzi had been forced back to Verona, Napoleon turned and followed general Provera, beat him on the 15th at La Favorite, and made 6000 pris- oners. On these two days, the French took above 20,000 prisoners and 46 cannons. Thus the fourth Austrian army in Italy was almost entirely destroyed. The foil of Mantua was a consequence. Massena (q. v.) distinguished himself greatly on this occasion, and Napoleon subsequently made him duke of Rivoli. Napoleon

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