An introduction to the study of the anthropoid apes / by Arthur Keith.

  • Arthur Keith
Date:
1897
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: An introduction to the study of the anthropoid apes / by Arthur Keith. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

    19/52 (page 15)
    (158), Parker (178), Schroeder and Vrolik (196), Symington (202), Turner (207), while Traill (206), Tyson (208), and Macartney (155) give very fragmentary accounts. The convolutions, sulci, lobes, and fissures have been treated in a general way, but from fresh material, by Broca (103), Gratiolet (131), Hamy (136), Kukenthal and Ziehen (151), Pansch (176), Parker (177), and Rohon (185). The Island of Reil, its limiting sulci and opercula, the third frontal convolution, have received a great deal of attention, and respecting them the following authors may be consulted : BischofF (4, 5), Cunningham (116, 117), Herve (48), Marchand (157), and Rudinger (i88«). Of the deep anatomy of the brain, its commissures, its tracts, its deep and basal centres, and its peduncles, nothing is known except from inference. The ventricles have been touched upon by Schroeder and Vrolik (196), Moeller (165), Marshall (158), and Macartney (155). Moeller (166) has examined and described the hypopophysis and epiphysis cerebi. The extent to which the cerebellum is overlapped by the occipital lobes of the cerebrum has been a matter of very keen observation, and has quite a considerable literature of its own. Like all points of anatomy that have given rise to a great deal of discussion and contradiction, it has turned out to vary widely with the individual, and to have received an amount of attention quite outside its real importance. As far as this matter concerns the chimpanzee, observations have been made by Chapman (111), Cunningham (115,118), Macartney (155), Marshall (158), Moeller (166), Schroeder and Vrolik (196), and Wilder (213). For papers dealing with the weight of the chimpanzee brain, see Moeller (166) and Keith (146). There is no microscopic work on the brain, except that of Moeller (168). The medulla oblongata has been figured by Barkow (90), and its nerve centres examined and described by Kallius (145) and Cunningham (117). The external appearance of the spinal cord has been described by Kallius (145). Moeller (166, 167) has examined the finer structure of the optic chiasma. [See also 281 and 298a.] The cranial nerves of the chimpanzee have never been examined with any degree of detail (Vrolik, 210). The lumbar plexus, especially the spinal nerves that enter into its formation, has received a very great deal of attention from Von Jhering (143), Ruge (191), Rosenberg (187a), and Utschneider (209). Hoefer (140) has given a full description of the nerves of the upper extremities, and Macalister (154) gives a figure of the brachial plexus. The nerves of both extremities have been dealt with by Champneys (no), Hepburn (45), Chapman (hi), Gratiolet (131), Nepheu (170), Sutton (201), Traill (206), and Vrolik (210), but only the first two writers give at all a full description. The Muscles.—Although the myology of eighteen chimpanzees has been described, only Gratiolet’s (131) is an approximately complete treatise. Tyson’s (208), Traill’s (206), Vrolik’s (210), Wilder’s (212), Beddard’s (93), Champneys’ (no), Huxley’s (49b), Embleton’s (126), and Sutton’s (201) are fairly full. Partial records of dissections are