A manual of materia medica and pharmacy : comprising a concise description of the articles used in medicine; their physical and chemical properties; the botanical characters of the medicinal plants ... with observations on the proper mode of combining and administering remedies / by H. M. Edwards and P. Vavasseur ; translated from the French, with numerous additions and corrections, and adapted to the practice of medicine and art of pharmacy in the United States, by Joseph Togno and E. Durand.

Henri Milne-Edwards

Date:: 1829

Credit: A manual of materia medica and pharmacy : comprising a concise description of the articles used in medicine; their physical and chemical properties; the botanical characters of the medicinal plants ... with observations on the proper mode of combining and administering remedies / by H. M. Edwards and P. Vavasseur ; translated from the French, with numerous additions and corrections, and adapted to the practice of medicine and art of pharmacy in the United States, by Joseph Togno and E. Durand. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University.

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$SYJYOPTICAL, TABLE Of the Distinctive Characters of the Salts which may be employed in Medicine, considered with respect to their acid. No. 2. SALTS, which, with sulphu- ric acid. r Effervesce, and * Disengage a colourless and transparent gas, of a faint odour, but slightly pungent - - CABBowATEi Disengage a colourless gas, of a ve,ry strong smell, like that of rotten eggs Htdbosulpbates Disengage a colourless gas, having the smell of burning sulphur Suiphites - fOf a deep orange colour Htpojjitrites Emit vapours -i • V_Of a purple colour - -' Hydbiodates Emit white purigent vapours, which I By being dissolved in water, deposite ? FtUATEa Lwhite flakes. 5 'Emit light white vapour* - - - Emit a very strong smell of vinegar Do not effervesce, .and Emit a very strong odour of bitter almonds Hidbocyan'ates Emit neither va ur nor particular* Lsmell; heated, Yield carbonic acid,^ oil, and the other I The precipitate products furnished Vthey form with lime- by the decomposition I water, of vegetable matters. J Are not precipitat- ed by nitric acid. The precipitate they form with the watery solu- tion of baryta. • Is soluble inasmall?TAaTnATK> excess of acid. 5 Is Insoluble in a?0xA1ATE9 nail excess of acid. > Do not yield these products. Is insoluble in ni i trie acid. l\ ' I SCLPBATKi - - - J ! l' Js soluble in nitric ^pHo8pniTi!s f Yield no precipi Yield metallic ar- .Jtate. }' senic. Treated with-< hydrochloric acid. yield a white preO Lcipitate. > ' Are precipitated} itA Jiv nitrir. flpiH. Y - J posed. Calcined with char- coal, r When heated, some are not decomposed, and others lose their I acid entirely or partly. The only carbonates soluble in water, are J those of potassa, soda, and ammonia; but the greater number J of the other carbonates are soluble in an excess of carbonic acid, i All the acids, except the hydrosulphuric and hydroselenic, dis- Lengage the carbonic acid, and combine with the base. When heated, are decomposed; sometimes the acid is disengag- ed, and at others is decomposed, and a metallic sulphuret formed. Those which have an alkaline base, and a few others, are soluble in water. Their taste is acrid and bitter, and they exhale an odour of rotten eggs, especially when they are moist. Chlorine, and the acids, with the exception of the weakest, such as the carbonic, de- compose them. Dissolved in water, they precipitate the salts of iron, silver, bismuth, copper, lead, &c.; of a black powder; those of antimony, orange; but those of arsenic yellow. When sul- phuretted hydrosulphates are decomposed by an acid, sulphur is Lprecipitated. r Are decomposed by the action of heat. Exposed to the air, are -> slowly converted into sulphates; the greater number are insoluble (jn water. C Soluble in water. Exposed to the air, they are converted into £ nitrates. They are not used in practice. C Heated, they are converted into iodides; are soluble in water; J are not decomposed at the common temperature by hydrochloric ■I acid. They form insoluble iodides, with the greater number of the salts of the three last sections. The iodide of silver is white andin- Lsoluble in ammonia. f When heated, some evolve their acid, the others are transform- J ed into chlorides. The greater number are soluble in water. They J form with nitrate of silver a white and curdy precipitate, insoluble Lin nitric acid, and soluble in ammonia. { Are not employed in medicine. f Are decomposed at a high temperature, and the acid being partly 1 converted into orange-red nitrous acid; melt on live coals; are so- 1 luble in water, or in a small excess of acid. Hydrochloric acid de- composes them, with evolution of chlorine and nitrous acid. C Are decomposed by the action of heat, and yield acetic acid, J pyro-acetic spirit, &c. the base being left in the state of metal, of j oxide, or of carbonate; are soluble in water, and decomposed by Lall the strong acids. C Heated, they are transformed into cyanurets, or are completely J decomposed. Those with an alkaline or earthy base are more or 1 less soluble in water. They precipitate the salts of iron of a deep Lblue colour. f Some are soluble in water, others become so by the addition of J a small quantity of aoid» or of the tartrates of potassa, soda, or am- } monia; are decomposed by the strong acids, and precipitate the Lsalts of baryta, strontia, &c. Some are soluble in water, when neutral, but they are less solu- e in an excess of acid; others are insoluble, or are only soluble in an excess of acid. They produce a white precipitate with the salts Lof baryta, zinc, lead, mercury, antimony, &c. By the action of caloric, some are decomposed, and others are not. Calcined with charcoal, they are transformed into a metal- lic or alkaline sulphuret. Some are soluble and others insoluble. They throw down a white precipitate with the salts of lead. f When calcined, they are vitrified; calcined with charcoal, they I are transformed into sub-phosphates, with a great excess of base, and J yield phosphorus, or are changed into metallic phosphurets. Those ' ] of potassa and soda are alone soluble in water. The insoluble phos- | phates dissolve in an excess of acid, and are all transformed into Lsuper-phosphatesby the strong acids. f Heated, the acid is altogether volatilized or partially decompos- I ed, or yields metallic arsenic, which is sublimed. They precipi- - ■{ tate the sulphate of copper in the form of a green powder, the ni- | trate of silver in a yellow one, and the salts of lime in the form of La white powder. C When heated, they produce the same results as the arsenites, (and yield a brick-red precipitate with the nitrate of silver. - { When calcined, they are not decomposed, but vitrified.$

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