Knight's cyclopædia of the industry of all nations, 1851 / [edited by George Dodd].

Date:
[1851]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Knight's cyclopædia of the industry of all nations, 1851 / [edited by George Dodd]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    963/1000
    1753 WALES. WALES, NEW SOUTH. 1764 tlie usual mineral colouring materials. Mc- ihdllon wafers ai-e made of very pure glue, colom-ed to any desired tint. A seal or medallion is moistened with a weak solution of either white or coloui-ed gum, which gum is wiped off all except the sunlcen parts. The glue is then pom-ed over the medallion in a veiy thin layer ; and the result produced is a medaUion wafer, either wliite or coloured, but standing out in relief from a ground of another colour. Isinglass or gelatine wafers are made of a coloui-ed solution of ismglass, which is poured in a very thin layer on a glass plate, and afterwai-ds cut into any desired form. WALES. The principal manufacture in Wales is that of iron, and this is chiefly con- fined to Glamorganshke. Large quantities of ore are raised in that county, where the most extensive smelting fm-naces in the em- pire are to be met with. Li 1840 Sorith Wales had 132 furnaces in operation, which consumed dm-ing the year about 1,436,000 tons of coal, and produced 505,000 tons of u-on. North Wales had 12 furnaces, which consumed about 110,000 tons of coal, and produced 26,500 tons of iron. In 1847 the total quantity produced in Wales was 884,000 tons. The principal iron-works are at and aromid Merthyr-TydvH, Tredegar, Aberdare, and Euabon. Copper-ore, brought from Cornwall and other parts of England, from Ireland, and foreign countries, is smelted in large quan- tities at Swansea. The average quantity of ore smelted there in 16 years (1833 to 1848), was 194,142 tons; the average quantity of copper produced was 18,567 tons. The great coal-field of South Wales affords employment to a number of hands. The quantity of coal exported at the different ports of South Wales and ]V[onmouthshii-e in 1848 was nearly two million tons. North Wales also yields some coal and iron, from the vicinities of Wrexham and Euabon in Denbighshu-e. Lead (mth some silver ore) and copper are raised in Anglesey, Cardigan- shire, and other parts of Wales, as well as large quantities of slate, limestone, and mar- ble. Various manufactures in lead, iron, copper, and brass are carried on at Holywell in Flintshire. Flannel in considerable quan- tities, coarse cloth, and stockings are manu- factured in Montgomeryshire and other parts of North Wales. Further illustrations of the industry of Wales \rill be found under Coppee; Gla- morgan; Iron; Merthyii Tybvii.; Swan- sea. WALES, NEW SOUTH. The produce of this colony is briefly adverted to under Aus- TnM,iA. The following details relate to its commerce and produce in recent years. In 1848 the shipping inwards amounted to 109,304 tons; outwards, to 187,322 tons. The wool exported was 22,909,711 lbs., valued at 1,240,144Z. On Jan. 1, 1849, the total num- ber of sheep in the colony was 11,600,819; of cattle, 1,752,852; of horses, 113,895; of pigs, 70,875. The produce of wheat in 1848 was 1,528,874 bushels; of maize, 263,340 bushels; of bariey, 145,219 bushels; of oats, 116,634 bushels ; of potatoes, 14,954 tons ; of tobacco, 3059 cwts.; of hay, 37,795 tons; of wine, 103,106 gallons; of brandy, 1263 gallons. The value of the imports and exports in recent years is shown as follows:— Imports. Exports. 1844.,.. 931,300? 1,128,100/. 1845.... 1,233,900 .... 1,556,000 1846.... 1,600,500 ....1,481,500 1847.... 1,982,000 ....1,870,000 1848.... 1,556,500 .... 1,830,400 1849.... 1,793,400 ....1,891,300 In the years 1846 and 1847, the imports exceeded the exports ; in the other four the exports exceeded the imports. The relative value of imports and exports per head of population was as under :— 1844-46 184749 Imports Exports per head, per head. f6Z. 18s. .. 11. lis. per annum|7;_ -^^^^ _ g/. 6s. The following results relate to the countries of which the imports and exports are re- spectively the produce or manufactm-e :— Articles the produce or manufacture of the United Kingdom 1,207,800Z. Less re-exported 100,900 Retained for home consumption .. 1,098,900?. Articles the produce or manufacture of other British dominions 149,100 Less re-exported 18,600 Retained for home consumption .. - 130,,500 Articles the produce or manufacture of Foreign States 436,500 Less re-exported 62,700 Retained for home consumption ... 373,800 Total imports retained for home ■ consumption 1,603,200Z. Articles the produce or manufacture of New South Wales 1,701,100 Net excess of exports over imports. 97.900i, The trade to and from Great Britain was as follows :— Imports from. Exports to. 1844.... 643,400/ 854,900/. 1845.... 777,100 ....1,254,900 1846.... 1,119,300 ...,1,130,200 1847,... 1,347,200 .... 1,503,100 1848.... 1,084,100 ....1,483,200 1849..,. 1,371,200 ,,..1,572,600