The social workers' guide : a handbook on information and counselfor all who interested in public welfare / [edited by John Bernard Haldane].
- Date:
- [1911]
Licence: In copyright
Credit: The social workers' guide : a handbook on information and counselfor all who interested in public welfare / [edited by John Bernard Haldane]. Source: Wellcome Collection.
64/532 page 44
![need for more boarding-out com- mittees in different parts of the country, and there could scarcely be a more useful work for a child- loving woman to undertake. Boilermakers.—(See Trades for Boys.) Bookbinding.—(See Trades for Boys.) Bookmaking.—(See also Bet- ting.) Professional betting is carried on by bookmakers every- where and anywhere, race-courses being generally the betting rings completely free from interruptions by the law ; sports grounds some- times, although under certain cir- cumstances subject to the same regulations as Street Betting {q.v.) ; while betting houses (or places) have operations in them restricted specifically as to credit betting by the betting laws [q.v.], more particularly by the Gaming Acts and the Bet- ting House Act of 1853. The book- makers carrying on a credit busi- ness in betting houses or offices call themselves commission agents or turf accountants, but the terms are merely a blind, as to all intents and purposes they are bookmakers. One of these men in April, 1908, said at the Southport police-court that /100,000 passed through his hands in one season. It is probable that 95 per cent, of the bets made in the United Kingdom are made with or through the agency of book- makers, so that professional betting is responsible for nearly the whole volume of this form of gambling. The great bulk of it was confined some few years ago to bets made upon horse races, but now an appre- ciable portion of the whole is trans- acted upon football matches, and that great game has consequently become more of a commercial speculation than an athletic sport. The calling is spreading to women, and not a few of them have been arrested for street bookmaking. At Sandown Park, in the racing season of 1910, the first “ lady ” bookmaker appeared in the betting ring, and is said to have been largely patronised. Sir Robert Giffen, the eminent statistician, estimated that no less a sum than five millions sterling was annually risked by the wage-earning classes to the book- makers. The late Sir Fitzjames Stephen, the author of the Digest of the Criminal Law, stated in a published opinion that he con- sidered the existence of the book- maker was an insult to the law. The number of them at the com- mencement of the nineteenth cen- tury may have been about twenty, and at the end of it approximately 25,000. There are perhaps at the present time 30,000 individuals getting their living, or part of it, by bookmaking, owing to the neglect of Parliament to deal efficiently with the subject. Boot Manufacture.—(See Boys’ Workshops and Trades for Boys AND Girls.) Borough Councillors, Duties of.— To be a borough councillor is to be one of the governors of the country, to take part in the administration of the laws, and especially those affecting the health and comfort of the poor. To take London as an example, since and by the London Government Act, 1899, a borough council is not merely the rate making and rate collecting body, but it is the sanitary authority of the large and populous area it com- prehends, which may include a quarter of a million of people. It can also establish and support public baths and washhouses, public libraries, and burial grounds. It appoints analysts to protect people from adulterated or sophis- ticated food and drugs, and it has to enforce bye-laws as to dairies, as well as slaughter-houses and offensive business. As it will be evident that nearly all the duties (see Borough Councils) affect](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b28127195_0064.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
