Phrenology, or the doctrine of the mind : and of the relations between its manifestations and the body.
- Johann Spurzheim
- Date:
- 1825
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Phrenology, or the doctrine of the mind : and of the relations between its manifestations and the body. Source: Wellcome Collection.
81/352 page 65
![mined with great exactness and faculties which are common to man and animal, and those which are proper to man. Male- branche, and many other philosophers, speak of principal and secondary faculties : the principal are understanding and will; the secondary are subdivisions of understanding—perception, memory, judgment, and imagination; and of will, inclination, desire, affections, and passions. Some authors have even further subdivided these special faculties ; Vieussens speaks of two kinds of imagination ; and others admit several kinds of memory, as a local memory, a verbal memory, a me¬ mory of facts, and a memory of time. Thus it is clear that various principles, or various faculties of the same principle, have been admitted at all times to account for the phenomena of mind. As the principles or the faculties came to be divided and sub¬ divided, so different seats were also assigned to them. The rational soul was placed in the head, the irrational in the viscera of the abdomen. The ventricles of the brain have at all times been considered as of prime importance; the Arabs placed common sense in the anterior cavity, imagination in the second, judgment in the third, and memory in the fourth. For several centuries the brain was considered as the organ of perception, and the cerebellum as the organ of memory, the strength of which was supposed to be indicated by the protuberance of the occiput. St. Gregorius Nyssenus, that he might explain why the functions of the mind are not troubled, although the differ¬ ent senses propagate different impressions, compares the brain to a town with several entrances and a great number of streets, by means of which it is possible to arrive at the same point. Neniesius, the first bishop of Emesa, in the reign of Theodosius, taught that sensation has its seat in the anterior, memory in the middle, and understanding in the posterior ventricles. Albertus Magnus, archbishop of Ratisbon, in the thirteenth century, de¬ lineated a head, on which he indicated the seats of different facidties of the mind, lie ])laced common sense in the foiehead. F](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b2929597x_0081.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
