A textbook of human physiology / translated from [the] 6th German edition by W. Stirling.

  • Landois, Leonard
Date:
1888
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A textbook of human physiology / translated from [the] 6th German edition by W. Stirling. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

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    by impure nitric acid (Gnielin's reaction), it gives the same play of colours as bile.] Pathological.—In ca.ses where a large amount of blood lias undergone solution within the Wood-vessels (as by iujeeting foreign blood) hfeinatoidin crystals have been found in the urine. For their occurreni-e in' the nrine in jaundice (§ 180), and in the sputum 138). 21. (B.) THE COLOURLESS PROTEID OF HiEMOGLOBIN.—It is closely related to globulin; but, while the latter is precipitated by all acids, e%'en by C0^„ and re-dissolved on passing O through it, the proteid of haemoglobin, on the other hand, is not dissolved after precipitation on passing through it a stream of O. As crystals of hiemoglobin can be decolorised under special circumstances, it is probable that there owe their crystalline form to the proteid which they contain. Landois placed crystals of haMUOglobin alongwith alcohol in a dialyser, putting ether acidulated with sulphuric acid out- side, and thereby obtained colouiless crystals. [If frogs' blood be sealed up on a microscopic slide along with a few drops of water for several days, long colourless acicular crystals are developed in it {StirliiKj and Brito).'\ 22. II. PROTEIDS OF THE STROMA.—Dry red human blood-corpuscles con- tain from 510-12-24 per cent, of these proteids, but little is known about them- iJiideU). One of them is globulin, which is combined with a body resembling nuclein (Wooldridr/e), and traces of a diastatic ferment {v. Wittkh). The stroma tends to form masses which resemble fibrin, L. Brunton found a body resembling mucin in the nuclei of red blood-corpuscles, and Miescher detected nuclein (§ 250, 2). 23. OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF RED BLOOD-CORPUSCLES.—III. Lecithin (0-35-0-72 per cent.) in dry blood-corpuscles (§ 250, 2). Cholesterin (025 per cent.) (§ 250, III.), no Fats. Lecithin is regarded as a glycero-phosphate of neurln, in which, in the radical of glycero- phosphoric acid, two atoms of H are replaced by two of the radical of stearic acid. By gentle heat glycero-phosphoric acid is split up into glycerine and phosphoric acid (§ 2.50). These substances are obtained by extracting old stromata or isolated blood-corpuscles with ether. When the ether evaporates, the characteristic globular forms ( myelin-forms) of lecithin, and crystals of cholesterin are recognised. The amount of lecithin may be determined from the amount of phosphorus in the ethereal extract. IV. Water (G81-63 per 1000—(7. Schmidt). V. Salts (7'28 per 1000), chiefly compounds of poiash and phosphoric acid ; the phosphoric acid is derived only from the burned lecithin ; while the greater part of the sulphuric acid is derived from the burning of the htemoglobin in the analysis. Analysis of Blood.—1000 parts, by weight, of horse's blood contain :— 344'18 blood-corpuscles (containing about 128 per cent, of solids). 655'82 plasma (containing about 10 per cent, of solids). 1000 parts, by weight, of moist blood-corpuscles contain :—■ Solids, .... 367-9 (pig); 400-1 (ox). Water, . . . . 632-1 ,, 599-9 ,, The solids are :— Pis. Ox. Hfemoglobin, 261 280-5 Proteids, 86-1 107 Lecithin, Cholesterin, and other Organic Bodies, 12-0 7-5 Inorganic salts, 8-9 4*8 f Potash 5-543 0-747 I ]\Iagnesia, 0-158 0*017 Including j Chlorine, 1-504 1-635 1 Phosphoric Acid, .... 2 067 0*703 ^'^oda, 0 2-093 (5M?i(/e). [An approximate estimate of the composition of human blood is given in the following table :—
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