The contrast in the reactions to the implantation of cancer after the inoculation of living and mechanically disintegrated cells / by M. Haaland ; [communicated by J. Rose Bradford].

Haaland, Magnus, 1876-1935.

Date:: 1910

Credit: The contrast in the reactions to the implantation of cancer after the inoculation of living and mechanically disintegrated cells / by M. Haaland ; [communicated by J. Rose Bradford]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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$[Reprinted from the PRO^gfoiNGS of,.the Royal Society, B. Vol. 82] - \ viUt !**. The Contrast in the Reactions to Importation of Cancer after the Inoculation of Living and Mechanically Disintegrated Cells. By M. Haaland, M.D., Imperial Cancer Research Fund. (Communicated by Prof. J. Rose Bradford, Sec. R.S. Received January 17,— Read February 3, 1910.) The object of the present paper is to show the difference obtaining between the employment of the living cell, cancerous and normal, as an agent to induce active resistance to the implantation of cancer cells, and the employ- ment for the same purpose of the protein obtained from these cells by mechanically disintegrating them. As a means of devitalising the cells with least disturbance of their chemical properties, the method adopted was that of grinding them either in the MacFadyen-Rowland apparatus at the tempera- ture of liquid air, or in a mortar, cooled by embedding it in ice and salt. Comparison of the results obtained by both methods showed that the latter was the more efficacious. By interrupting the freezing, the material can be kept of a pasty consistence specially favourable for crushing all the cells. The completeness of the disintegration of the cells was ascertained by micro- scopic examination, revealing the absence of intact nuclei, and, in the case of the cancer tissue, also by inoculation of the material not yielding tumours. Every precaution has been taken to employ mice as uniform in age, size, and weight as possible, in order to make the estimations upon a soil of uniform natural resistance. In order to analyse the results more closely in each experiment, the animals were killed after the same interval of time, when the tumours threatened to ulcerate, and all the tumours obtained were weighed. The protocol of such an experiment is given, showing all the details of the experi- ment, including: (1) The length of time elapsed between inoculation and the date when mice were killed ; (2) number of tumour mice alive up till then; (3) total number of mice alive; (4) total weight of tumour obtained; and (5) average weight of mice. To obtain an estimate of the average growth, two calculations have been made: the one indicates the average weight of tumour obtained, calculated on all the animals of the series living up till the time when they were killed (negative included): (“ average weight of tumours pro mouse ”); the other gives the average weight of each tumour, when only the positive mice are taken into account (“ average weight of tumours pro tumour ”). It seemed inadvisable to use the figures obtained h$