Volume 1

Arts, manufactures, professions and trades : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the pharmacopoeia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families.

  • Arnold James Cooley
Date:
1880
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Arts, manufactures, professions and trades : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the pharmacopoeia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

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    croas, is scattercil Into spray or stivatnlets, and losiiifj the gaseous portion which holds the lime ill solution, dej^sits it in the fonn of oriental alabaster on the surface of the moulds. In from 1 to 4i months, according to the nature of the article, a sufficiently thick deposit is ob- tained. The object is then removed from the mould, aud trinmied and polished. It is found that the more vertical the position of the mould, the finer is the graui of the resulting deposit. The water of the Spring of San Fi- lippo may be exactly and easily imitated by the chemist; and the whole process offers a new and valuable ornamental art for the amuse nient aud pi'ofit of the uigeiiious and enter- prising. Alabaster, Shand's Chinese. Carbonate of lime. (Chandler.) Alabaster Tablets, John Swine's Chinese Carbonate of lime. (Chandler.) ALAMODE' (al-ah-mode). [Fr., a la mode.} According to the prevailing mode or fashion In cookery, applied to several dishes, but more particularly to one of beef (alamode beef), commonly shortened by the lower class of Londoners into alamode. See Beef, Stew- rxG, &c. ALAN'TINE. [Eng., Fr., Ger.] Syn. AiiANTi'xA, L. A substance identical with inulin, found in the roots of garden angelica ('angelica archangelica,' Linn.). ALBA'TA. [L., Eng.] A name given to several alloys resembling silver. See Allots, German Silvee, &c. ALBION (Parisian). Will preserve the skin white and free from wrinkles. An aro- matic water with chloride of lead and calomel suspended in it. (Lauderer.) ALBOLITH. A cement powder prepared by W. Riemann, Breslau. Made with calcined magnesia (obtained from magnesite) and chlo- ride of magnesium. It is recommended for painting walls, stairs, and wooden articles. (Hager.) ALBU'MEN. [Eng., L.] Syn. Albumin ; Albitmine, Fr.; EiwEiss, Eiweistoff, Ger. Literally, the white of egg; a peculiar nitro- genous substance which enters largely into the composition of animal bodies. It abounds in the blood, muscles, bones, coagulable lymph, vitreous and crystalline humour of the eye, fluid of dropsy, &c. The white of egg consists of nearly pure albumen dissolved in water. A substance identical with albumen is found in many vegetables. It enters largely into the composition of all the emulsive seeds. According to Seguin, it exists in considerable quantity in all those vegetables and fruits that afford a vinous liquor without the addition of yeast. Vrep. The white of egg and the serum of blood, when strained through muslin, furnish albumen, in solution, in a sufficiently pure state for all the ordinary purposes of the arts. Pure solid albumen may be prepared as fol- lows :— 1. Agitate strained white of egg with 10 or 12 times its bulk of alcohol, collect the preci- pitated flocculi on a muslin filter, and suffer it to dry at a temperatui-e not exceeding 120° Fahr. 2. Add a little water to white of egg, mix, filter, exactly neutralise with acetic acid, and then largely dilute with pure cold water; the precipitate which falls may be collected on a filter and washed. Strained serum of blood may be used instead of white of egg, in both the above forms. Comp., Sfc. The following is the composi- tion of albumen according to Lieberkiihu :— Carbon 533 Hydrogen 7'1 Nitrogen 157 Oxygen 22-1 Sulphur 1-8 • 100- Chatin found iodine in the white of eggj it also contains chloride, sulphate, phos- phate, and carbonate of sodium, phosphate of calcium, and traces of potassium in it; but, unlike the sulpbur, none of these sub- stances form a constituent part of pure albu- men, though probably always present in white of egg. Prop. Pure solid albumen (unaltered by heat) is nearly colourless, inodorous, and taste- less ; scarcely soluble in water, but readily so in water, containing an exceedingly small quantity of caustic soda or potasb, and in a strong solution of nitrate of potassium. When dried by a gentle heat it shrinks into a trans- lucent horny mass; and when exposed to a sufficient temperature, yields the usual ammo- niacal odour and products of animal matter. Its solution (as white of egg) is solidified or coagulated by a heat of from 145° to 165° Fahr., forming a white, opaque mass; -when very dilute, on boiling (only) it separates in fine light flocks. When thus coagulated, it is insoluble in water at a less temperature than 302° Fahr. (Wohler and Vogel), unless alka- lised. Ordinary solutions of albumen give pre- cipitates with sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric, md metaphosphoric acids, with tannin and astringent solutions, and with most of the metallic salts; but are not afl^ected by either acetic acid or tribasic (common) phosphoric acid. Alcohol, in quantity, also precipitates albumen. Strong oil of vitriol turns it black in the cold, but on applying a gentle heat, a gorgeous, red-coloured liquid is pro- duced. Strong hydrochloric acid gives a deep violet-bluc solution. White of egg or scrum exposed in a thin stratum to the air, dries up into a pale, yellow, gum-like sub- stance, and in this state may be kept for any length of time, retaining its property of re- dissolving when immersed in slightly warm water. Tests.—1. Both heat and alcohol (or strong spirit) coagulate it:—2. A solution of perchlo-
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