On the structure of the orang outang / by Henry C. Chapman.

  • Henry Cadwalader Chapman
Date:
1880
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: On the structure of the orang outang / by Henry C. Chapman. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

    10/32 page 6
    flexor for the big- toe. This is supplemented to a certain extent by the opponens, and in a partl}^ developed accessorius. The perforated tendon for the fifth toe in the Gorilla came from the flexor longus hallucis, whereas in the Chimpanzee and Orang it is supplied by the tendon of the longus digitorum. If Prof. Huxle3'’s canon be accepted that the distinction between a hand and a foot consists in the latter possessing tarsal bones, the peroneus longus and brevis, the short extensor and short flexor muscles, then the pos- terior extremity of the Orang terminates in a foot. It appears to me, however, that the difference betw^een the hand and foot in man, the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, and the lower monkeys, is greater than that observed between the corresponding members of the Orang. Alimentary Canal, etc.—It is usuall} stated that the uvula is absent in the Orang, and, on looking into the mouth, at first sight this appears to be the case, as it does not hang down as in man between the pillars of the fauces—nevertheless it exists. I found it pointing directly- backwards in a straight line from the posterior palatine spine. It contained the az}^gos uvula? muscle. Prof. Bischofi'^ mentions also finding the uvula in the Orang. The cir- cumvallate papillae of the tongue are disposed in the form of a as in man; I found this to be the case in the female Chimpan- zee,^ of which I gave an account, and also in a male which I had the opportunity recently of dissecting. The salivaiy glands with their ducts were w^ell developed, the submaxillarv being very large both relativel}^ and absolutely, as compared with man. The stomach in the Orang (PI. 13, fig. I) is not so human in its form as that of either the Gorilla or the Chimpanzee, the cardiac portion, two- thirds of the stomach, being more elongated and constricted from the pyloric part, which was tubular. The greater curvature measured 6 inches, the less 4. The small intestine was 8 feet 4 inches in length, the large 4 feet. The constant presence of valvula? con- niventes in the small intestine of the Orang appears even at the present day questionable b}^ some anatomists. In speaking of these folds occurring in the Gorilla, Bischoff^ refers to Owen not finding them in the Orang, while the}' are said to exist by Sandi- fort, Mayer and Barkow. As to his own opinion on the subject, he expresses himself as follows : “ Die beiden jetzt aiifs Neue
    digitised image 1
    digitised image 2
    digitised image 3