Ancient art and its remains, or, A manual of the archaeology of art / By C.O. Müller.

  • Karl Otfried Müller
Date:
1852
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Ancient art and its remains, or, A manual of the archaeology of art / By C.O. Müller. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    48/664
    its place, not gradually and by intermediate stages of transi- tion, but all at once as an essentially dififerent order. The columns had here from the first much more slender and less tapering shafts which were raised upon bases. The orna- mented form of the capitals with their projecting portions (the volutes) cannot be deduced from the necessary and use- ful. The entablature retained only the general divisions of the Doric, and relinquished the closer relations to wooden building; it is, in conformity with the more slender and widely placed supports, much lighter and presents less simple • masses than the Doric. Everywhere prevail more rounded and as it were elastic forms (as in the bases and cushions), and more gentle transitions (as between frieze and cornice) where- by the order receives a sprightlier grace without losing what 5 is characteristic in the forms. The ornaments of individual members have been mostly discovered at Persepolis, _(§. 244, 6,) [282. R. 5] and were perhaps widely diffused in Asia at an early period. 2. The columns in the temple of Ephesus were eight diametere high, Vitruv. iv, 1. 2—4, see §. 275—277. 3. The Ionic capital is an ornamented Doric, on the echinus of which a heading is placed composed of volutes, canal and cushions, which in a similar way is to be found on the upper border of altars, cippi, and mo- numents, and may have perhaps derived its origin from the suspending of rams' horns. Comp. Hesych. s. v. xg/ds—^egoj n rod Ko^tu^lov kiouos (probably the volutes on it). As the ram was a customary offering to the dead, this agrees with the derivation of the Ionic order from grave-pil- lars, in Stackelberg ApoUot. s. 40 ff. R. Rochette, M. I. i p. 141, 304, carried much too far by CareUi, Diss. eseg. int. all'origme ed al sistema deUa sacra Archit. presso i Greci. N. 1831. Volute capitals, a^siQo>ce<pu7.ou, Marm Oxon ii, 48, 19. Perhaps, therefore, in spins colummirum in Pliny is to be referred to the volutes. Example of an lomc column as a grave-pillar on Attic base, M. Pourtalfes pi. 25. Volute altars for in- stance, Stackelberg Griiber Tf. 18. The Old Ionic base akm to the Pe- lasgian and Persian. Kuglers.26. [E. Guhl Versuch ueber das lomsche Kapital, Berl. 1845, from CreUes Journal fur die Baukunst.] 55 The bet^innings of this architecture are probably to be ascribed to very early times, as they are even to be found, out of Ionia, in the treasury of tlie Sicyoman tyrant Mvron at Olympia, which was built soon after the 33d Ulym- piad; and at the commencement of the following penod it at once unfolded itself in full splendour in the temple of Arte- mis at Ephesus. In this thesaurus there were two thalami, the one of Doric and the other of Ionic architecture, and at least Uned with brass, Paus. vi, 19,1. The dome-shaped Skias of Theodoras ^he Samian at Sparta also de- serves notice here, as one of the more remarkable buUdings of the time, Paus. iii, 12, 8. Etym. M. s. v. 2*/«f.