A study of the bladder during parturition / by J. Halliday Croom.

  • Croom, J. Halliday (John Halliday), Sir, 1847-1923.
Date:
1884
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A study of the bladder during parturition / by J. Halliday Croom. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    greatest pressure was 3.1 lbs. and the least 0.26 lb., giving a mean of 1.2 lb., and combining this experimental result with his calculations, he concludes that the uterine muscles are capable of rupturing the membranes in every case, and possess in general nearly the requisite power to complete labour. The extreme force of uterine con- traction he estimates produces, or rather is equivalent to, a pressure of 54.1 lbs., differing, it will be observed, very considerably from Joulin and Duncan. Haughton then discusses the force brought in by the abdominal muscles, which are four in number, viz.— rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, obliquus internus, and transversalis. He found by experiment upon three young men, multiplying the curvature into the tension of the abdo- minal muscles at the navel, that the result was an expulsive force of 32.926 lbs. on the square inch, avail- able to assist the uterus in completing the second stage of labour. Adding the combined forces we get— Involuntary muscle . . 54.10 lbs. Voluntary muscle . . 523.65 ,, Total . . 577.75 lbs. av. Between 577-75 lbs. of Haughton and 80 lbs. of Duncan there is obviously a marked difference, and it comes to be an interesting question to ascertain how this remark-
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