A table of the springs of action : shewing the several species of pleasures and pains, of which man's nature is susceptible: together with the several species of interests, desires, and motives, respectively corresponding to them: and the several sets of appellatives, neutral, eulogistic and dyslogistic, by which each species of motive is wont to be designated: to which are added explanatory notes and observations ... / By Jeremy Bentham, Esq.
- Jeremy Bentham
- Date:
- 1817
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A table of the springs of action : shewing the several species of pleasures and pains, of which man's nature is susceptible: together with the several species of interests, desires, and motives, respectively corresponding to them: and the several sets of appellatives, neutral, eulogistic and dyslogistic, by which each species of motive is wont to be designated: to which are added explanatory notes and observations ... / By Jeremy Bentham, Esq. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![acter _ Exposn (which coincides mostly with Theoretical), or Censorial, which coincides mostly with Deontology : also of and for Psychology, in so far as concerns Ethics, and History (including- Biography) in so far as considered in an Ethical Point View. - No. I. PLEASURES and PAINS, —of ike taste—the palate—the alimentary canal—of intoxication. Corresponding 3fntCC£tft, Interest of the PALATE—Interest of the bottlb. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Names, —I. Nbutral : I 1. Hanger. I 2. Need of tbod. I 3. Want of food. I 4. Desire of food. 15. Fear of hanger. I 7. Thirst. I 8. Drought. I g. Need, want, desire —of the means of quenching, relieving, abating, &c. thirst. j—II. Eulogistic: viz iVoptr, none. 1. Gluttony. j Improper. 2. Gulosity. Love of the pleasures 3. Voracity, of the social board- of the social bowl, or glass—of good cheer —of good living—of the good goddess—of the jolly god, &c. 4. Voraciousness. 5. Greediness. 6. Ravenousness. 10. Inanition. —III. Dyslogistic : viz. Liquorishness. 8. Daintiness. Q. Love, appetite, crav- ing, hankering, pro- pensity, eagerness, passion, rage—of, for. to, and after—cram- ming, stuffing, de- vouring, gormandiz- ing, guttling, 8cc. 10. Drunkenness. 11. Ebriety. 12. Intoxication. 13. Sottishness. Love &c. (as per Col.3.) of&c. drink, liquor— drinking, tippling, toping, boosing, guz- zling, swilling, soak- ing, sotting, carousing —junketting, revell- ing, &c. No. II. PLEASURES and PAINS, —of the sexual appetite, or of the sixth Sense. Corresponding 3]nterC#r, SEXUAL INTEREST. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Names, I. Neutral: viz. —II.Eulogistic: viz, I Smgle-ii'orded, none. I Many-worded, I Sexual desire. None. -III. Dyslogistic: viz. 1. Venery. 2. Lust. 3. Lechery. 4. Lewdness. 5. Lustfiilness. 6. Libidinousness. 7- Lecherousness. 8. Salacity. 9. Salaciousness. 10. Venereal desire. No. III. PLEASURES and PAINS, -of sense, or of the sensbs : viz. generical/y or collectively considered. Corresponding 3]lUC rest, Interest of SENSE—of the sensesSENSUAL INTEREST. No. V. PLEASURES and PAINS, —of powbr, influence, authority, dominion, governance, government, command, rule, sway, &c. —of governing, commanding, ruling, &c. Corresponding Interest of the SCEPTRE. Correspc —I. Nbutral. 1. Ambition. 2. Aspiringness. 3. Desire, &c. as per No. IV. Col. l. of power&c. as above; of promotion, pre- ferment, advance- ment; of exalta- tion, aggrandise- ment, ascendancy, preponderancy, su- periority; of rising in the world, &c. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Nambs, —I. Neutral: viz. I Single-worded, none. —II. Eulogistic: viz. None. I Many-worded, I Physical want, need, exigency, necessity— desire, appetite. — III. Dyslogistic: 7N 8.Love,appetite,craving, &c. (as per No. I. Col 3.) of, for, to, and af- ter—sensual pleasure, enjoyment, gratifica- tion, indulgence, 8cc. See note (b). Synojiyms to pleasure. No. IV. PLEASURES and PAINS | Derived from the matter of wealth.—Pleasures of possession—acquisition—affluence—opu- lence. Pains of privation—loss—\poverty—indigence. Corresponding 3|utm3f, PECUNIARY INTEREST. Interest of the PURSE. Corresponding MOTIVES—Ivitli Names, —I. Neutral: viz. I Single-worded, none. —II. Eulogistic: viz. 1. Economy. 2. Frugality. 3. Thrift. —III. Dyslogistic: Many-worded, 1. Desire, want, need, hope, prospect, expectation—of the 4. Thriftiness. means of subsistence, of com- petence, plenty, abundance, 5. Desire, hope, pro- riches, opulence;—of profit, spect, expectation 7, acquisition, &c. —of thriving. 2. Fear, apprehension—of loss, 6. Prudential regard, pecuniary damage, want, pe- care, attention, for, nury, poverty, impoverish- and to a man’s pe- raent, indigence. cuniary concerns, 3. Desire, &c.—of maintaining, property, income, preserving, improving, mend estate, livelihood, mg, bettering, meliorating, subsistence, advancing—a man’s condi- tion, situation, station, posi- tion—in life, iu society, in the world, &c. 1. Parsimony. ’arsimoniousness 'enuiiousness. !loseness. 5. Stinginess. 6. Niggardliness. Miserliness. 8. Nearness, dirtiness. 1. Covetousness. 2. Cupidity. 3. Avarice. 4. Rapacity. 5. Rapaciousness. G. Corruption. 7. Corruptness. Venality. Many-worded, Honest, becoming, praiseworthy, lau- dable, honourable, generous, i noble, virtuous—ambition. —JJ. Eulogistic. Single-wordi nding MOTIVES—with Names, No. VI. PLEASURES and PAINS, of CURIOSITY. —I. Neutral. 1. Curiosity. 2. Inquisitiveness. 3. Love of novelty. 4. Love of ex peri ment. 5. Desire of informa- tion. : jviz. ] No. VII. —III. Dyslogistic. Ambition. 2. Love, appetite, cra- ving, hankering, eagerness, greedi- ness, thirst, lust, rage, passion—for power, &c. (as per Col. 1.) 3. Spirit of faction, turbulence, in- trigue. 4. Self-regarding or dissocial moral qualities, liable to be manifested in the exercise of power, and productive of the abuse of it;—and wont to be spoken of in the character of motives. 1. Tyranny. 2. Tyrannicalness. 3. Despotism. 4. Despoticalness. 5. Arbitrariness. 6. Imperiousness. 7. Dictatorialness. 8. Domineeringness. 9. Magisterialness. And see No. VIII. Col. 4. Corresponding 3llUCTC3f, Interest of the SPYING-GLASS. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Names, —II. Eulogistic. Single-worded, none. 1. Love,desi i e, appetite, thirst, rage, passion, for knowledge, learning, instruction, litera- ture, scierce; useful infor- mation ; tl e arts, &c. 2. Laudable :uriosity. -III. Dyslogistic. 1. Inquisitiveness. 2. Pryingness. 3. Impertinence. 4. Meddlesomeness. 5. Idle, vain, busy, prying, imperti- nent—curiosity, in- quisitiveness. PLEASURES and PAINS, —of amity: f viz. Pleasures derivable from the good-will, thence from the free services, of this or that individual.—Pains derivable from the loss or non-acquisition of ditto. —I. Neutral. Single-worded, none. Many-worded, Desire, wish, want, need, hope, prospect, expectation —of obtaining, gaining, ac- quiring, procuring,—par- taking of, sharing in—en- joying, retaining, securing —thegoodopinion, favour- able opinion, good-will; good offices, services; help, aid, assistance, support, co- operation; vote; interest; favour, patronage, protec- tion, countenance, recom- mendation—of this or that individual. . Love, appetite, &c (asper No. I. Col.3.) lust, greediness—of, for, to and after— money, gain, lucre, pelf—hoarding,flint- skinning, scraping &c. Corresponding Interest of the CLOSET. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Names, —II. Eulogistic. Single-worded, none. Many-worded, Honest, &c. (as per No. V. Col. 2.) desire, &c. (ay per No. VII. Col. I.). I. Neutral continued. 2. Fear, apprehension, dread —of losing, forfeiting, for- going—the favour, good opinion, &c. as above. 3. Desire, &c. of ingratiating a man’s self with him, of recommending a man’s self to him, to his favour, &c. as above;—of obtaining, See. a place in his favour. — III. Dyslogistiq. 1. Servility. 2. Slavishness. 3. Obsequiousness, 4. Cringingness. 5. Abjectness. 6. Meanness. Sycophantism. 8. Toad-eating. 9. Propensity, rea- diness—to fawn, cringe, truckle to, humour, flat- ter—this or that individual. 10. Desire, hope, &c. of insinua- ting, worming a man’s self,creep- ing, into the good graces of the in- dividual in ques- tion; of currying favour with him. No. VIII. PLEASURES and PAINS, —of the Moral or Popular sanction: viz. Pleasures of reputation, or good repute: Pains of Bad reputation, or ill-repute. Corresponding ^JntCtTtft, Interest of the TRUMPET. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Names, —I. Nbutral. Single-wonted, none. Many-worded, 1. Desire, &c. (as per No. VII.) — of obtain- ing, Scc.thegood- will, &c., thence the even- tual services, &c. of the public at large, or a more or less consi derable, though not li- quidated, portion of it. 2. Fear, &c. (as per No. VII. Co/.2.)oflosing, &c. the good opiuien, &c. of ditto. I I. Neutral continued. 2. Fear, or sense—of shame, disrepute, op- probrium, reproach, dishonour, disgrace, ignominy, infamy, odium, unpopularity; of ill, evil, bad—re- pute, report, or fame; of an ill, &c. name; of bad reputation, bad character; of being disgraced, dishonour- ed, See. 4. Sense of propriety, decorum, honour, di- gnity ; moral recti tude, moral duty. 2. Conscience. 3. Principle. 9. Heroicalness. 10. Honest, becoming, laudable, virtuous, pride: a proper de- gree of pride. Xj* Conscience and Principle belong also to Nos. IX- and X.: so likewise Probity &c.: and these last belong to No. XIV, in so far as depends upon the Legal Sanction. —II. Eulogistic. Honour. 4. Probity. 5. Integrity. 6. Uprightness. 7. Rectitude. 8. Honesty. —III. Dyslogistic. 1. Vanity. 2. Vainness. 3. Ostentation. 4. Fastidiousness. 5. Vain glory. 6. False glory. 7. False honour. 8. Pride. 9. False pride. 10. Self-sufficiency. 11. Loftiness. 12. Haughtiness. 13. Assumingness. 14. Arrogance. 15. Overbearingness. 16. Insolence. And see No. V. Col. 4. No. IX. PLEASURES and PAINS, —of the Religious Sanction. Corresponding 'JinttreSt, Interest of the ALTAR. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Names, —I. Neutral. 1. Religion. 2. Religiousness. 3. Sense of religious duty. 4. Religious zeal, fer- vour, ardour. 5. Fear of God. 6. Hope from God. 7. Love of God. —II. Eulogistic. 1. Piety. 2. Devotion. 3. Devoutness. 4. Godliness. 5. Holiness. 6. Sanctity. 7. Righteousness. 1. Superstition. 2. Bigotry. 8. Pious, godly, holy, sacred—&c. zeal, fer- vour, ardour, &c. -III. Dyslogistic. . . I. Neutral. v oingle-worded, none. 3. Enthusiasm. 4. Fanaticism. 5. Sanctimoniousness. 6. Hypocrisy. 7. Affectation of, pre- tension to—religion, &c.—piety, See.—a. above, Col. 2. 8. Religious prejudice. 9. Religious frenzy. JO. Religious intole- rance. No. X. PLEASURES and PAINS, —of Sympathy. Corresponding 5jntClT0t, Interest of the heart :! viz. more or less expanded, expansive, comprehensive—in proportion to- the number of the persons, whose welfare is the object of the desire. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Names, —I. Neutral. I.—towards this or that determinate INDIVI- DUAL— 1. Sympathy. 2. Fellow-feeling. 3. Good-will. 4. Friendship. 5. Personal attachment, affection, regard, kind- ness, tenderness, fond- ness. II. —towards this or I that DOMESTL or othei• comparativej ,~,PRlfTA7'E Circle-1 1- Family, domestic, p] rental, social, attacl ment, &c.— as abo\ III. —towards the P> LITICAL commurh- ty at large— 1. National attachment. 2. National zeal. IV. —towards MAN- KIND at large— 1. Sympathy, fellow- feeling, good-will, r gard, kindness—f or towards-mankind the human species the race of men, & —in general. —II. Eulogistic. (Mostly names of perma- nent moral qualities.) I.—towards this or that INDIVIDUAL— 1. Kindness. 2. Goodnature. 3. Amicableness. 4. Complacency. 5. Benignity. !; Tenderness. . Loving-kindness. No. XI. PLEASURES and PAINS, -of antipathy—of ill-will—of the irascible appetite: including the Pleasures of fevenge, and the Pains of unsatisfied vindictiveness. Corresponding interest, Interest of the GALL-BLADDER. r —I. Neutral. 1. Antipathy. 2. Dislike. 3. Aversion. 4. Displeasure. 5. Anger. 6. Wrath. 7. Exasperation. 8. Resentment. 9. Indignation. 10. Incensement. !. Affability. I. Courteousness. 10. Urbanity. II. Pity. 12. Compassion. 13. Commiseration. 14. Charity. 15. Mercy, 16. Clemency. 17. Long-suffering. J8. Forbearance. 19. Humanity. II. Eulogistic conti- nued. II.—towards this or that comparatively PRI- VATE circle - otherwise than above. (II.—towards the PO- LITICAL communi- ty, or nation, at large- 1. Patriotism. 2. Public spirit. 3. Public zeal. 4. Love of country. IV.—towards MAN- KIND at large— 1. Philanthropy. 2. General, universal, all- embracing, all-com prehensive—benevo- lence, beneficence, kindness, &c.—(See Col. 1. and 2.) 20. Kindheartedness. 21. Tenderheartedness. 22. Goodness of heart. 23. Gratitude. —III. Dyslogistic. I.—towards this or that INDIVIDUAL— 1. Partiality. 2. Favouritism. 3. Partial attachment, &c.—(See Col.l. and r 2-) II. —towards this or that comparatively PRI- VATE circle— 1. Family partiality. 2. Party attachment, fit” vour, affection, pre^- judice, prepossessiorf zeal,spirit, rage, mad- ness. ^ 4 -*» « & 3. Spirit of faction. 4. Corporation spirit. III. —towards the PO- LITICAL communi- ty at large— Nationality. No. XII. PAINS, —of laeour—toil—fatiguCi Corresponding Interest of the PILLOW. J. Ne Corresponding MOTIVES—with Name order •order Many-iuorjed, 1. Love of; ease. 2. Aversioi to labour. ’3- Fear, dread- ! tigue. straining •pprehension, >f toil, fa- ver-ekertion, over-wo king, over- / —II. Eulogistic. None. -III. Dyslogistic. 1. Indolence. 2. Laziness. 3. Sloth. 4. Slothfulness. 5. Sluggardliness. 1. Sluggishness. Self-indulgence. 8. Idleness. 9. Listlessness. 10. Torpidness. 11. Torpidity. 12. Segnity. 13. Tardiness. 14 Dilatoriness. 15 Procrastination. 16. Slowness. 17* Lenitude. 18. Drawlingness. No. XIII. PAINS, -of -death, and bodily Pains in general. Corresponding 3Itltcre3t, Interest of [EXISTENCE—of lodify, corporal, personal, SELF-PRESERVATION—safety- M>nirity. Corresponding MOTIVES—w»4i Names, —I. IS EUTRAL. 1. Self-pre servation. 2. Self-del ence. 3. Self-pro tection. 4. Desiree f, regard to, or for—1 ersonal safe- ty, secuj fy- 5. Fear, apj rehension— of pain,fe □ffering, &c. 6. Fear of death. 7. Love of life. —II. Eulogistic. Properly belonging to this head, none. Borrowedfrom the habi- tudes of the INTEL- LECTUAL faculty- 1. Prudence. 2. Circumspection. 3. Forecast. 4. Foresight. 5. Cautiousness. 6. Vigilance. 7- Prudential care. —HI. Dyslogistic I. Transient EMOTIONS. Dread. Terror. Appalment. Consternation. Dismay. II. Permanent QUALITIES. Timidity. Timorousness. Pusillanimity. Faint- heartedness. 5. Chicken -heartedness. Tremor. Trepidation. 6 Cowardice. ■ 7. Poltroonery. 2. National partiality, prejudice, prepossess sion. IV.—towards MAN- KIND at large— None. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Names, —II. Eulogistic. Single-worded, none. Many-worded, 1. Just, proper, legiti- mate, justifiable, war- ranted, well-ground- ed, due, becoming, laudable, praise-wor- thy, commendable, noble, dignified—dis- pleasure, indignation, resentment. —III. Dyslogistic. I.—Specially and directed tions— 1. Ill-will. 2. Ill-humour. 3. Animosity. 4. Spite. 5. Malice. 6. Hatred. 7. Hate. derived affec- II.—Abstract moral qualities— 19- Spleen. 20. Ill-nature. 21. Waspishness. 22. Maliciousness. 23. Malignity. 24. Malignancy. 25. Venomousness. 8. Abhorrence. 9. Abomination. 10. Detestation. 11. Execration. 12. Rage. 13. Fury. 14. Rancour. 15. Revenge. 16. Vengeance. 17. Envy. 18. Jealousy. No. XIV. PLEASURES and PAINS, Of the self-regarding class, genetically or collectively considered:—(i. < sorts, except Nos. X. and XI.) of alll the above I Corresponding 3lfttCCe0t, SELF-REGARDING Interest. Corresponding MOTIVES—with Names, —I. Neutral. Single-worded, none : except in so far as those i/i No XII. may here be applicable. 1. Personal interest. 2. Self-regarding inter- est. —II. Eulogistic. None: except in so far as those in No. XIII. may here be applica- ble. -III. Dyslogistic. 1. Self interest. 2. Selfishness. 3. Interestednes8. 4. Self interestedness. 26. Cruelty. 27. Barbarity. 28. Savageness. 29. Brutality. 30. Ferocity. 31. Vindictiveness. 32. Vengefulness. 33. Obduracy. 34. Obdurateness. 35. Implacability. 36. Callousness. 37. Unjust, improper, &rc.—asperity, harsh- ness, rigour, severity, antipathy, &c. (See Col. 2. and 3.)](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b28738196_0004.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
