The encyclopaedia sinica / by Samuel Couling.

  • Samuel Couling
Date:
1917
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: The encyclopaedia sinica / by Samuel Couling. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    590/648 page 580
    Dr. Sheffield of Tungchow, near Peking, and is briefly described in the Chinese Recorder for March, 1888. The cost was there mentioned as $30 ! A fuller description was given in the volume reporting the XIe Congres International des Orientalistes, Paris, 1897, the paper being The Chinese Typewriter. The laitest typewriter is that made by Mr. Chow, Mechanical Engineer for the Commercial Press. It has 4,000 characters, each having its position known by rectangular co-ordinates, and the first machine made weighs 40 lbs. A full descrip¬ tion may be read in The National Review for May 20, 1916. TYPHOON. The etymology of the word remains a puzzle. The Greek tu^Xwv and the Arabic tufan have been suggested. In Amoy the name is B. JBfi hang-Vai—in mandari l feng-tai, meaning Storm's womb. If the term is Chinese it may be Cantonese Vai feng. Pinto was the first foreign writer to use the word, in 1550, and he calls it a Chinese term. (Cf. Schlegel, T‘oung Pao, 1896, p. 581). See Meteorology. TZINISTA, also TZINITZA, a name for China found in the book of Cosmas, apparently an Alexandrian- Greek, who wrote between 530 and 550. The name represents the old Hindoo China- sthana, the Chinistan of the Persians, and is almost the same as the name Tzinistan in the Syriac inscription on the Nestorian tablet. Yule : Cathay and the Way Thither. * TZ‘U AN the honorific title bestowed on the consort of Hsien Feng when she became co¬ regent with Tz‘u Hsi, the mother of the young empeior T‘ung Chiu. A TZU CH‘AN n, the literary name under which Rung-sun ChTao Q j*§ is famous. He was son of the Duke of Cheng and was born in b.c. 582. He rose to be minister in his State, and was great as lawyer, statesman and philosopher. Indeed it has been suggested that Confucius borrowed from him, and that if he had written on philosophy and politics he might have had the place of Confucius as China’s greatest man. In 535 he had- the laws cast in metal for the people’s inform¬ ation. Cheng was an obscure State but he made it for a time illustrious. At his death in b.c. 521 there was great lamentation and Confucius himself is said to have wept. Parker : Ancient China Simplified; Tschefe : ilistoire du Royaume de Tsin. TZU CHIN CH'ENG Purple Forbid¬ den City, the name of the Imperial palace, etc., in Peking. Only purple-coloured mortar was employed in its construction, hence the word purple in the name; and it was ‘forbidden’ to the public to enter. Its measurements are given as 1006 metres from north to south and 786 metres from east to west. It is surrounded by a crenellated wall 22 feet high, with four gates. It was built by Yung Lo (1406-37). Some description of the buildings, etc., will be found in Favier. Favier : Peking, p. 277. TZU ERH CHI g MM iyu yen tzu erh chi). The title of the best known English introduction to the mandarin dialect of the Chinese language. In the Doctrine of the Mean (xv, i) it is said that if one travels far he must yet start from what is near ( (fj iff tzu erh). Hence the title, “The ‘from- r-ear’ Collection.” It was prepared by Sir Thomas Wade in 1867, was used by all students in the Consular Service and very largely in the Customs Service. For this reason the system of romanisation which it introduced, apart from its merits or defects, became the most widely used one, the chief v orks of reference being written largely by Consular or Customs officials, and using it. A second edition was published in 1886, prepared by (Sir) W. C. Killier, and a third in 1933. TZ‘U HSI. See Yehonala. TZU LU See Chung Yu. U UIGHUR, also spelt Ouigour, Weegur, etc., an important race of Turkic stock descended from the Hiung-nu. There is a good deal of difficulty in getting a clear and true view of the history of this people. The following brief account is mostly from Chinese records, as translated by Bretschneider. They belonged to the great Turkic family called T‘ieh-lo or Tolo, or Kao-chu ^ !fl High carts, so called no doubt from their high-wheeled vehicles. The Chinese name for them was Hui-ho Jn] which they themselves later altered to Hui-hu @ |J|, Other names for them were Wei-ho jfi ^2 , Wu-hu $9 Hi, Yiian-ho , etc. At first they paid tribute to the T‘u-kiue (Turks) but revolted and became
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