Handbook of modern chemistry, inorganic and organic : for the use of students / by Charles Meymott Tidy.

  • Charles Meymott Tidy
Date:
1887
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Handbook of modern chemistry, inorganic and organic : for the use of students / by Charles Meymott Tidy. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

    48/920 page 28
    the metals, although many of the common names are retained, are dis- tinguished by the termination um. The haloid group terminate in ine; others terminate in on, as carbon and boron ; and others again in gen (yevvaw), as hydrogen (water-begetter), oxygen (acid-begetter), nitrogen (nitro-begetter), etc. In the case of compounds, the name is made to express the com- ponents of the body, and, as far as possible, its constitution. Thus, the name sodic chloride expresses a compound of sodium and chlorine. The term anhjdricW signifies a binary compound containing oxygen (an oxide), which, when combined with water, forms an acid ; in other words, the residue obtained by abstracting all the displaceable hydrogen from one or two molecules of an oxygen acid. For example— SO3 + H2O = H2SO4. Sulphuric anhydride -f Water = Sulphuric acid. An inorganic pyro-acid, which is a partial anhydride, results from the elimination of water from two molecules of a polybasic acid. For example— Phosphoric acid (2H3PO4 — H2O) forms pyrophosphoric acid (H4P2O7) Sulphuric acid (2H2SO4 — H2O) forms pyrosulphuric acid (H2S2O7) A pyro-acid, in organic chemistry, merely indicates a compound resulting from the application of heat to the original acid. We may here consider the meaning of the various terminations and prefixes used in chemical nomenclature. 1. Terminations. (1.) ide is applied to the negative constituent of a binary com- pound (that is, a compound formed by the union of two elementary bodies), the positive constituent frequently being made to terminate in ic. For example— Potassium + iodine form potassic (or potassium) iodzde. Lead 4- oxygen „ plumbic (or lead) o^ide. [NOTE.^—Sir H. Davy suggested that the terminations in these . cases should indicate property, ide being employed for acid, and ^' uret for alkaline compounds.] (2.) ic and ous—Two bodies may combine in different pro- portions. Thus, tin and chlorine combine to form SnClg and SnCl4. The termination ic is given to the positive constituent of the com- pound (Sn) containing the largest proportion of the negative constituent (CI), and the termination ous to the positive constituent, containing the smallest proportion of the negative constituent. For example— 1 atom of tin -f 2 chlorine = stannous chloride (SnCl2). 1 atom of tin -i- 4 chlorine = stannic chloride (SnClj).
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