Psychopathology of forced movements and the oculogyric crises of lethargic encephalitis / by Smith Ely Jelliffe.

  • Smith Ely Jelliffe
Date:
1932
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Licence: In copyright

Credit: Psychopathology of forced movements and the oculogyric crises of lethargic encephalitis / by Smith Ely Jelliffe. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    observed by Crouzon, Babinski, and Marie and presented before that society on three different occasions with much argument and counter argument by such neurological warriors as those just named with Ballet, Parinaud (a celebrated ophthalmologist), Brissaud, Joffroy and others. It is with this case that Wilder and Silbermann (1927) open their discussion in a quite recent monographic presentation of the tic problem. This incorporates the new knowledge gained from epidemic encephalitis, which disorder has stimulated Bing and Schwarz to their views relative to somatic and psychopathology, and has also furnished Stern the material for a careful study of the same problem, in which he specifically utilizes the oculogyric spasms as the nucleus of a discussion concerning the compulsive states which will be the main issue of this particular presentation. Before entering into the main issue of this thesis a brief retro¬ spective glance at the “ influenza ” literature may not be amiss. Especially as with a few others—Crookshank et al.—it is well real¬ ized by those historically oriented, that what we now are in the fashion to call “ epidemic encephalitis ” is by no means a new disease, but is a trend which has prevailed at various times for several centuries. Further the ocular phenomena now under consideration then were observed and interpreted. Epidemiological problems are not the purpose of this note. The ocular symptoms recorded during various “ influenza ”( ?) epidemics, neither; but emphasis is emphatic—they did occur! are recorded! of the nature of those now under discussion, and that’s that without more ado! Personally I have put my impressions of this situation in print ten years ago and up to the present time find but few reasons for altering the conceptions there advocated; save possibly the thought that there was an organism, rather than several, which was responsible for all of the influenza syndromes. Among these the ocular syndromes, so richly recorded for epidemic encephalitis—Cords et al.—are certainly present. As to “ oculogyric crises,” specifically related to the definite syndrome of epidemic encephalitis, however, Cords, who up to 1921 has given the most complete summary of ocular findings in epidemic encephalitis, has little to record. A number of observers had seen these oculogyric crises in some of the so-called organic, as well as in the so-called functional, situa¬ tions. Thus, in 1884, Nothnagel saw related phenomena. In 1895,
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