An elementary treatise on human anatomy / by Joseph Leidy.

  • Joseph Leidy
Date:
1889
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: An elementary treatise on human anatomy / by Joseph Leidy. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    59/960
    The centrum or body/ at the fore part of the vertebra, is a thick disk, ])laced horizontally, with its front and sides somewhat narrowed towards the middle,, and its back somewhat concave transversely, where it contributes to form the spinal foramen. Above and below it presents broad articular surfaces, mostly nearly flat, but with a slightly ele- vated rim and a somewhat iDrojecting margin at the sides and in ft-ont. The surface of the centrum in front and laterally is more or less conspicuously jDorous, and that behind exhibits a central pair of larger foramina for the passage of veins from the interior. The arch“ of the vertebra joins the back of the centrum by strong, rounded pedicles, be- hind which it is formed by a pair of deeper shelving laminae, which converge to the S2)inous i^rocess, and in the series overlap one another and . present an imbricated appearance. The upper borders of the laminae behind and the lower borders in front are roughened for the attachment of elastic ligaments, which occupy the intervals of the vertebral arches. A deep, rounded notch beneath the jiedicles and commonly a shallow one above are the intervertebral notches.® These form between the adjacent vertebrae large round or oval holes, the intervertebral foramina, through which the spinal nerves emerge. The spinal foramen, en- closed by the centrum and arch, varies in size and shajie in different positions, being larger and triangular in the upper and lower vertebrae of the series, and smaller and circular in those intermediate. _ of the. seven processes of the vertebral arch in general,-the most conspicuous is the spinous process,^ from which the vertebral column has received Us common name of the spine. It projects backward in the median line at the conjunction of the laminae of the arch, and varies in size and shape in the different vertebrae. Four articular processes® spring from the union of the pedicles and laminae of the arch,—a jiair of prearticular processes® above and a pair of postarticular processes’ below. They are iirovided >vith smooth, articular facets, which are invested with cartilage; those o the prearticular processes looking obliquely backward and upward, and those of the postarticular jirocesses in the opposite direction. The Pig. 11. Side view of a dobsal veete- BRA. 1, centrum; 2, articular facets for ribs; 3, arch; 4, 5, inter- vertebral notches; 6, spinous pro- cess ; 7, transverse process; 8, pre- and 9, postarticular processes. * Corpus. ^ Arcus; neural * Processus spinosus; neural spine. P. articulares ; oblique processes; zygapophyses. physes^* *^^^'°^ anterior articular processes ; prezygapophyses; preaxial Z3’g( phylel^*^”°^ posterior articular processes ; postzygapophyses ; postaxial zygt
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