Volume 1

Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciences / [John Harris].

  • John Harris
Date:
1736
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciences / [John Harris]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    fdquence renounce iti$ and this was the late famous Cafe ’of’a certain'Prince, where this known and ancient Common-Law-Term was revived, though indeed ‘it is' more generally ufed among the Civi¬ lians. - ABDOMEN’, [ of abd<r, to hide, ,or, as others will have it,r of abddand omentum^ L. the-Caul. ] thedowermoft of the- three Venters in an human Body; properly the Lower Belly : It contains in its Region the Stomach, Guts, Liver, Spleen, Blad->- der, &c. Within it is covered with a Membrane called the Peritonaum. Tfre lower Part of it is called the Hypogajlrium. The-foremoft Part is di¬ vided into the Epigqjlrium, the Right and Left Hy¬ pochondria’s, and the-NaveL ’T-is bounded above by the Cartilage enfformis and the Diaphragm, fide- ways by thedhort or lower Ribs, and behind by the Vertebres of the Loins, the Bones of the Coxendix, Pubis, and Os Sacrum. It hath ten Mufcles, which bothcover.it, and .ferve to excrete the Faces and Urine, and to expel the Foetus in Women : YoU-will find them under their proper Names. ABDUCTION, [ with Anatomijbs,] a 1 Term ufed when the Ends of the Bones Hand at a great De¬ fiance in a ‘Fracture.. ABDUCTOR, a Leader or Drawer away, from L. Hence, ABDUCTOR Indicis, is a Mufcleof: the Fore¬ finger, which is not to be feentill the Abdutlor Pol¬ licis is raifed ; by fome it is reckoned amongft the Interojfei ; it arifes fiefhy from the Os Metacarpi that fuftains the Fore-finger, and defending over-, the firft Internode of the faid Finger, becomes tern dinous, joyning with the Tendon of one. of the Lumbrical Mufcles, and is inferted with it together with the Tendon of the former Mufcle. Its Name intimates its Ufe, in drawing the Fore-finger from, the reft. ABDUCTOR Oculi, a Mufcleof the Eye, fo called from its Adion in retrading or drawing off the Eye from the Nofe : It is alio called Indigna- bundus, becaufe it is made ufe of in fcornful Refent- ments. , ABDUCTOR minimi digiti, is a Mufcle which appears in fome Bodies divided into two or three Mufcles, having each a differing Series of Fibres ; the firft of which feems to be a Flexor primi Inter- tiodii minimi digiti; the lecond an Abdutlor of tile fame ; the third Abdutlor fecundi & tertii In- ternodii; but this Divifion is not conftant. It ari¬ fes fiefhy, firft, from the Ligamentum tranfverjale and fourth Bone of the Carpus ; lecondly, from the third Bone of the Carpus , and then, thirdly, from the fuperior Parts of the fubjacent Os Meta¬ carpi : The two firft continue fiefhy to their Infer- tions ; the former terminating at the fuperior Part of the firft Bone of the Little-finger forwards ; the Latter ending at the fame Part of the faid Bone la¬ terally ; the third, becoming tendinous like the Inter- oJJ'ei, is inferted like them with the Tendon of the Extenjor minim digiti at the fuperior Part of the third Bone of the Little-finger. Its ufe is to draw the Little-finger from the others. ABDUCTOR Pollicis, is a Mufcle of the Thumb, which arifes broad and fiefhy from the internal Part of the Ligamentum tranjverjale Carpi, whence de¬ fending it leflens it felf, and becomes tendinous at its Implantation to the fuperior and external Part of the feeond Bone of the Thumb laterally. This draws the Thumb from the Fingers, from whence it derives its Name. ABDUCTOR Pollicis Pedis, is a Mufcle which arifes fiefhy from the Os Calcis internally and late¬ rally, in half its Progrefs becoming tendinous, it joins with another fiefhy Beginning, fpringing from the Os Cuneifor?ne majus that fuftains the OsMeta- tarfiot the Great Toe ; both which making one Tendon, are inferted to the external,Part of the Os Sefamsides of theGreat Toe laterally. This pulls the Great Toe from the reft. ABDUCTOR minimi Digiti Pedis,-hz Mufcle which arifeth outwardly tendinous, but inwardly fiefhy, from the external Part of the Os Calcis, be¬ coming tendinous in half its Progrefs on the Out- fide of the Foot 5 it joins with the other fiefhy Part of this Mufcle arifing fiefhy from the Outfide of the Os Metatarfi of .the Little Toe, and making one Tendon at its Infertion to the upper Part of the. firft Bone of the Little Toe externally and lateral¬ ly. Its Ufe is to draw off the Little Toe from the reft.* ABDUCTORES, in the general, are the fame with Abducent Mufcles. ABDUCENT Mufcles, are univerfally thofe which ferve to open or pull back divers Parts of the Body, as the Arms, Legg, Eyes, Noftrils, Lips, Ffc. Thefe are called alfo Abduflors. Their Op- pofites are ufually called Addutlors, or Adducent Mftfcles. ABEARING, [in Lawf] Behaviour, as to be bound to a good Abearing, is to be bound to a good Behaviour. ABELITION, the Licence-given to a Criminal Accufer, to defift from further Profecution. ABETMENT, [in -Common Law, ] is the A<ft of encouraging or fetting another to commit a Grime. ABETTORS, is a^common Law Term, and fignifies thofe that without Caufe procure others to fue out falfe Appeals of Murder, or Felony againft Men, in order to render them infamous. ABETTORS, in Murder, are thofe which ad- vife or procure a Murder to be committed ; in the fame Senfe there are Abettors in Felony and Trea- fon; in the laft of which they are all Principals, there being no Accefl’ories in Treafon. ABEYANCE, [in Law,] fignifies a Thing’s being in Pojje only, and not in A flu. Thus fup- pofe a Leale made to A. for Term of Life, and the Remainder to the right Heir of B. who is li¬ ving at the Time of the Grant; in this Cafe, tho’ the Remainder pafs prefently from the Grantor, yet it veils not prefently, or takes hold in the Grantee, that is the Heirs of B. but is Indeterminate, in Po- tentia, in Nubibus, in Abeyance, viz. in Confidera- tion of Law : So when the Parfon of a Church dies, and the Church is void, the Fee is in Abey¬ ance, becaufe it is not determined who ihall fucceed him. ABINTESTATE, [in Law, ] an Heir to a Perfon who died without a Will. ABJURATION, formerly was an Oath which a Perfon who had committed Felony, and who, to avoid the Law, had betaken himfelf to Sanduary, took to depart the Kingdom for ever (the Perfon having confelled his Crime before a Juftice or Coro¬ ner, and abjured the Kingdom, was to carry aCrofs in his Hand, till he got out of the King’s Domini¬ ons) : It was a Law enadted by Edward the Con- feffor, but is fince changed by the Statutes, 21 H. 8. c. 12. But the Senfe of the Word Abjurare, ori¬ ginally, in the Roman Language, as ufed by Cicero and other good Writers of that Age, was, To deny a Thing upon Oath ; to deny that a Man had pro-
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