Volume 1

Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciences / [John Harris].

  • John Harris
Date:
1736
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciences / [John Harris]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Choice ; fuch the Mind is fuppofed to be, which may either will or nill the fame Thing. i Univocal AGENTS, [with Naturalijls, ] are fuch Agents as produce Effedts of the fame Kind and Denomination with themfelves. Equivocal AGENTS, are fuch Agents, whole Effedts are of a different Kind from themfelves. AGEOMETRESIA, [’Afa/itlgtef*, Gr. ] a Want or Defedf in Point of Geometry. AGGLUTINANTS, f_ Agglutinantia, L. ] ftrenthening Remedies, whofe Office and Eff’edt is to adhere to the folid Parts of the Body, and by that Means to recruit and fupply the Place of what is worn oft' and wafted by the animal Actions. AGGLUTINATION, [ with Phyficians,] the Addition of a new Subftance, or the giving a great¬ er Confiftence to the animal Fluids, by which they are the more fit for Nourithment. AGGREGATE, is much the fame as the Sum, arifing from the Addition, Connedtion, or Collec¬ tion of feveral things together. AGGREGATED Flowers, fuch which con- fift of many little 'Flowers, meeting together to make one w'hole one, each of which has its Stylus, Stamina, and Sticking Seed, and contained in .one and the fame Calix. AGGREGATION, [ in Phyftcks,] a Species of Union, by which fey era 1 things, which have no natural Dependence or Connexion one with ano¬ ther, are colledled together, fo as in fome Senfe to conftitute one. AGGRESSES, ox Ogreffes, the fame with Pel¬ lets ; a Term in Heraldry : See Balls. AGGRESSOR, is he that makes the firft Af- fault. Attack, or that firft begins any Quarrel, En¬ counter, or Difference. AGILD, [ in Law,] fignifies free from Penalty, notfubjedl to the cuftomary Fine or Impofition. AGIST, a Term in Law, fignifies to take in, -and feed the Cattle of Strangers in the King’s Fo- reft, and to gather Money due for the fame to the King’s Ufe. The Officers doing it are called Agi- flersy and their Office is called Agijhnent. AGITATION, in general, fignifies Motion or Adtion ; but it is moftly ufed in a Philofophical Senfe for the brisk intcftine Motion of the Imall Corpufcles of any natural Body. Thus Fire or Heat agitates the fmall Particles of all Bodies, and puts them into a rapid Motion. AGNATI, [ Civil Law, ] the Male Defen¬ dants of the fame Father in different Lines. AGNATION, in the Civil Law, is the Term for that Line of Confanguinity which is between Malesdefcendcd from the fame Father; as Cogna¬ tion is the Line of Parentage between Males and Females, both delcended from the fame Father. The Ufe of both thefe Words is derived from the old Roman Law. AGOG1CE, [jhyoytM, Gr.] is the Art of ma¬ king Images or Figures in Metals, when Wax is ufed to effect or further the Defign. AGRICULTURE, is the Art of Tilling, Ma¬ nuring, and Cultivating the Earth, in order to render it fertile, and to make it bear Plants, Trees, and Fruits. AGRYPNIA, [ Ay<;U'Sfvia., Gr. ] is a Kind of Coma Vigil, a watching or dreaming Slumber, pro¬ ceeding from fome Diforder in the Brain. AGRYPNOCOMA, [of’Aygtwsryi* and kco/m*, Gr. a deep Sleep ] the lame with Coma Vigil. AID, [ in Lave,] a Tax or Subfidy; alfo an Im¬ pofition anciently laid by the King on Tenants, UV. for marrying his Daughter, or knighting’his eldeft Son. AID FRIER, [in Law,] a Word made ufe of in pleading for a Petition in Court to call in Help from another Perfon, who hath an Intereft in the thing contefted ; ft is alfo ufed in the King’s Behalf to prevent any Proceeding againfthim till hisCoun- cel be called and heard what they have to fay for avoiding the King’s Prejudice or Lois. AIDE of the King, [Law Term,] is where the King’s Tenant prays Aid of the King on the Ac¬ count of Rent demanded of him by others. AIDE, [ in the Law,] hath feveral Significations; fometimes ’tis the lame with Subfidy; fometimes a Proteftation due from Tenants to their Lords. This Word is alfo ufed in Matter of Pleading for a Petition made in Court, for the calling in of the Help from another that hath an Intereft in the Caule in Queftion. Thus a Tenant for Term of Life, by Courtefy, Tenant in Tail after Poffibility of Iflue extinct, for Term of Years, at Will, by Elegit or by Statute Merchant, being impleaded touching her Eftate, may pray in Aid of him in the Reverfion; that is, defire the Court that he may be called in by Writ, to alledge what he thinks good for the Maintenance both of her Right and hisown j but this Courle hath beendifuled. If a King’s Te¬ nant holding in Chief be demanded a Rent ol a common Perfon, he may pray in Aid of the King, and fo may a City or Burgh, having a Fee Farm of the Crown, when any thing is demanded againft them belonging thereunto. AIDE DE CAMP, \ in an Army, is an Offi- AIDE DU CON, j cer always following one of the Generals, i. e. the General, Lieutenant General, or Major General, to receive and carry their Orders as Occafion requires. When the King is in the Field, he ufiially appoints young Gentle¬ men of Note to carry his Orders, and they are cal¬ led the King’s Aides de Camp. AIDE MAJOR, or Adjutant, is an Officer, whofe Bufinefs it is to eafe the Major of Part of his Duty, and to perform it all in his Abfence. Some Majors have feveral Aides Majors ; each Troop of Guards hath but one Major, who hath two Aides Majors under him, according to the Greatnefs of the Bufinels; every Regiment of Foot hath as ma¬ ny Aides Majors as it contains Batallions. When the Battallion is drawn up, the Aide Major’s Poft is on the Left beyond all the Captains, and behind the Lieutenant Colonel. AIGLETTE, [ in Heraldry, ] an Eaglet, or young Eagle. F. AILE, is a Writ which lies where Land de¬ fends from the Grandfather to the Son or Daugh¬ ter of his Son, the Father being dead before the Entry by him, and one abates, the Heir fhall have this Writ againft the Abator. AIR, The admirable Sir Jfaac Newton, in the Observations mentioned in the 2d Book of his Op- ticks, by confidering the colour’d Rings made by compreffmg two Priims, or two Object Glafies of large Telefcopes together, comes to a Calculation of the Thicknefs of the Air contain’d between the Prifms and Object Glafies in fuch a State of Com- prelfion ; and at laft he feems, he faith, to gather this Rule ; That the Thicknefs of the Air is pro¬ portionable to the Secant of an Angle, whofe Sine is a certain Mean Proportional between the Sines of Incidence and Refrattion. And that mean Pro¬ portional, fo far as by the Meafure he took could be determined, he found was the firft of 106 Arithme¬ tical
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