Elementary physiology / by J.R. Ainsworth Davis.

  • James Richard Ainsworth-Davis
Date:
1895
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Elementary physiology / by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by University of Bristol Library. The original may be consulted at University of Bristol Library.

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    ample, in the backbone. Except when entering into joints, cartilage is covered by a vascular membrane, called in this case the perichondriimi (Gk. ptri, around; chd?idrds, cartilage). GENERAL PLAN OF THE SKELETON. The numerous bones which make uj) the skeleton may roughly be divided into three kinds—(1) long bones, such as the femui^, which are used as levers; (2) broad flat bones, like those of the brain case, which protect delicate organs; and (3) short irregular bones, found in parts like the wrist and ankle, where both strength and capability for a limited amount of movement are requisite. Axial and Appendicular Skeleton.—The bones of the head, neck, and trunk constitute the skeleton of the body, as distinguished from the limbs or appendages. They comprise the skull, backbone or vertebral column, ribs, and breast-bone or sternum. The last tAvo support the top, sides, and front of the thorax, as will apj^ear on reference to fig. 4. The bones of the limbs make up the appendicular skeleton, and just as the upper and lower limbs can be divided into corresponding regions (p. 10), so can their bones be grouped in a similar manner. In either case there are (1) bones constituting a gii'dle by which the limb is fixed to the trunk, and (2) bones sup- porting the fleshy movable part of the limb. The follow- ing table gives a more detailed comparison. (Cp. fig. 4.) Upper Limb. Lower Limb. I. Shoulder Girdle.—Alarge II. Hip Girdle.—Alarge,flat, flat shoulder-blade (scapula) be- irregular hip-bone (os iniiomi- hind and a rod-like collax-bone natum). (clavicle) in front. II. Free Limb. II. Free Limb. 1. Upper-axmbone(humerus). 1. Thigh-bone (femur). 2. Torearm bones—(a) radius 2. Lower leg bones- («) tibia on thumb side, (b) ulna on little on great toe side, {b) fibula on finger side. little toe side. [There is nothing in the upper limb to represent the small knee- pan (patella) on the front of the knee-joint.]
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