Practical anatomy: a manual of dissections / by Christopher Heath.

  • Christopher Heath
Date:
1870
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Practical anatomy: a manual of dissections / by Christopher Heath. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.

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    to the margin of the anterior wall of the axilla, reaching from the tliird to the seventh rib in the vertical direction. Near its centre and at a point opposite to the fourth rib is the mamilla or nipple, around which is the areola of dis- colored skin, the tint of which becomes darker as preg- nancy advances. The nipple may be shown to be pierced by numerous small lactiferous ducts by introducing bris- tles into their openings, and its skin is thin and delicate. The gland consists of numerous lobules bound together by tough cellular tissue, and having a quantity of fat interspersed between them. Each lobule is abundantly supplied with bloodvessels and has a. sepsivsite galactoferous duct. These last converge towards the nipple, and beneath the areola become straight and somewliat dilated so as to form lacteal sinuses. The arteries of the breast are derived from the thoracic branches of the axillary artery, from the intercostal arteries, and from the internal mammary branch of the subclavian, which runs down the back of the sternum. Cutaneous Nerves and Vessels.—In the superficial fascia on the front of the chest are the anterior cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves and arteries. They appear at regular intervals on each side of the sternum as they pierce the pectoral muscle, and are of small size. The terminations of the descending branches of the superficial cervical plexus ma}'' also be found beneath, or piercing, the platysma and crossing the clavicle in the positions their names imply, viz., sternal^ clavicular, and acromial. The Pectoralis major is to be put on the stretch by drawing the arm from the side and supporting it at a convenient height; its fibres are then to be cleaned from below on the right, and from above on the left side. The Pectoralis Major (Fig. 1, i) consists of a sternal and a clavicular portion separated by a cellular interval. The sternal portion arises from the whole length of one side of the sternum arid from the cartilages of all the true ribs except the seventh, and is connected below with the aponeurosis of the abdominal muscles. The clavicular portion arises from the inner or sternal half of the anterior border of the clavicle, and is separated by another cellular interval [and the cephalic vein] from the deltoid muscle.