The autonomic nervous system / by J.N. Langley.

  • John Newport Langley
Date:
1921-
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: The autonomic nervous system / by J.N. Langley. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    17/96 page 5
    broken by the development of the nerves to the limbs; the vagus was homologous with the hypogastric nerve, and the nervus erigens with the splanchnic nerve. Thus the visceral nerves left the central nervous system in three outflows—the cranial, the thoracic, and the sacral. This was the first definite statement that the sympathetic did not receive branches from each spinal nerve. From another point of view he divided the nerves into somatic and splanchnic, each having a ganglionated and a non-ganglionated part. The visceral nerves formed the ganglionated splanchnic part. The ganglia on the course of the visceral nerves Gaskell classified as (i) proximal or vertebral ganglia, i.e. the ganglia of the sympathetic chain from the first thoracic ganglion downwards; and (2) distal ganglia, consisting of (a) pre-vertebral ganglia, which included the superior cervical, the semilunar and the inferior mesenteric ganglia; and (b) terminal ganglia, which were scattered in or near the tissues. Gaskell considered (1886 p. 30) that the blood vessels of the mylohyoid muscle of the frog, the vessels of the limbs of mammals, and possibly other vessels, in addition to receiving nerve fibres from visceral nerves, received efferent vaso-dilator fibres which ran direct outward in the roots of the nerves. Autonomic. The observations made by Dickinson and myself (1889) on the action of nicotine gave a new method of investigating the connexion of nerve fibres with peripheral nerve cells. In describing the results of such investigations and of others suggested by it, I felt the need of a new term for the system of nerves I was dealing with. All the old terms had been used with different connotations at different times, and to use any of them with another additional connotation B
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