The dissector's manual of practical and surgical anatomy / By Erasmus Wilson.

  • Wilson, Erasmus, Sir, 1809-1884.
Date:
1856
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: The dissector's manual of practical and surgical anatomy / By Erasmus Wilson. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University.

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    more clearly exhibited at the pyloric than at the cardiac end of the stomach. They are intended, very probably, for the secretion of the gastric fluid.' The duodenal, or Brunner's glands, are small flattened granular bodies, compared collectively by Von Brunn to a second pancreas. They re- semble in structure the small salivary glands, so abundant beneath the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips ; and, like them, they open upon the surface by minute excretory ducts. They are limited to the duodenum and commencement of the jejunum. The solitarij glands are of two kinds, those of the small and those of the large intestine. The former are small circular whitish and slightly prominent patches, surrounded by a zone or wreath of simple follicles. When opened, they are seen to consist of a small flattened saccular cavity, containing a mucous secretion, but having no excretory duct. They are found in all parts of the small intestines. The solitary glands of the large intestine are most abundant in the caecum and appendix c?eci; they are small circular prominences, flattened upon the surface, and perforated in the centre by a minute excretory opening.'^ The aggregate, ov Peyer^s glands, are situated in the lower part of the jejunum and in the ileum, but chiefly in the lower part of the latter. They are collected into patches, which are small and circular, and few in number, in the upper part of the bowel, and large and oblong or oval below, and occupy that portion of the intestine which is opposite the attachment of the mesentery. To the naked eye they present the ap- pearance of pale disks, covered with small irregular fissures; but with the aid of the microscope they are seen to be composed of numerous small circular patches, surrounded by simple follicles, like the solitary glands of the small intestine. Each patch corresponds with a flattened and closed sac, situated beneath the membrane, but having no excretory opening, and containing a small quantity of a whitish pulp. The inter- space between the patches is occupied by villi. The simple follicles or crypts of Liel>erkuhn, are small cjecal pouches of the mucous layer, dispersed in immense numbers over every part of the mucous membrane, and opening on the surface by round apertures. In the large intestine, they are longer and more numerous than in the small. Vessels and JSferi^es.—The arteries of the abdominal portion of the alimentary canal form a chain of communications along the tube, which is continued upwards to the pharynx and mouth ; they are, the gastric, hepatic, splenic, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric. The veins unite to form the vena porta}. The lympliatics and lacteals open into the thoracic duct. The nerves of the stomach are tlie imeumoirastric, and sym- pathetic branches from the solar ])lexus; those of the intestinal canal are the superior and inferior mosenteric, and hy])oirastric plexuses. The extremity of the rectum is supplied by the inferior sacral nerves from the spinal cord. ' John Conrad Pt»ver, an anatomist of Schaffhausen, in Switzerland. His essay, De (tl.uidulis Inti'stinoruni. was jMiblisliod in 1(577. ' .John Conrad von Brunn; (Jhuiduhe Duodeui sen Pancreas Socun- darium, 171.).