The experimental determination of mental discipline in school studies / by Harold Ordway Rugg.
- Harold Rugg
- Date:
- 1916
Licence: In copyright
Credit: The experimental determination of mental discipline in school studies / by Harold Ordway Rugg. Source: Wellcome Collection.
151/154 page 137
![= = = p = A <a | a ESSENTIAL FEA TURES OF EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE OF MENTAL DISCIPLINE — 40. frugg —/9IS ; Studies dealing principally with sensory ord perceptual data. Flate I. el a 1 27 4erprerar1or7s Further Interpre rive BD sate Grote © Veer ON one Me ee. Eye Description of Test and Traurig SEries. 7es7¢+ Series. Traurig Serves -£stivnaririg OF ATEAS Hot FECTAIIGIES 1/0 Fo 100, CM.177 S12 e * a [ember subjects. Vay? Y Mental Abilities \ | azarae head ha) o a Studied IN azn dadcn dal adsesecah : ) | NY yi eer] hd COA Ea, SME RE Lmpi'twea mensqzal furrice, need | /.£.Coover (below) reports that he WUCh? AS / rg Serres. +107 “ra prove abhliiry 172 FvvICS. Calle repeated some of Tew. 5 g¢esrs N))- Gath 1h) T2sr serves ky Same nawe. T+ may 1YUere/7\ (marnii7g ype and *cund thar (1 0v + VWVAS +70 esrimaring ar2as, /enaH WMe/GALS OF VarIOUS PALES ANA SIZES O17 ability ro estrmare areas, enngths ~ weights @) simi ar jy shape but APE 177 5/2€, (2) } AIF '+ 1-2 Shape bur } Svar 117 5122) AA 447 be th) shape ¥ S/ZE, (2) -traiuung 112 Ob3e€r Vay bur From] 140-00 59.622 177 912€, (-¢. WASP Shap Od 40-400 59.CW7. (17 SIZE. 27 437179 WHS, OF Fron 120-1800 GETS. 3-£34rtng Wrres 6-12 Song Ave tu vdentica, only IOV! AS GLEAQPAS1/7 ra S. Uc). ga1!7 $2%0as Gr 2-Garra th 7S. only 37 Ve AS HUCA GS 179 77.8. 3-779 Serres showed neductt Of 25% Of V171a/ Errol, 7, Serves Showed rio imp. d-lmpt/ SpeeaA IF ¥o,/ 1 Imp? 147. a 1.4. rarely ering abot egval simpt 17 any other 1.7, rlomarrer Aow sii lar: Ne change 117) 4ReC Corl 7is7- Aorta 15 wtt40ur CFF eECr rseenms /nely thar spreaa Q4 practice occurs only where VA PIIPICA/ CV EMH EIFS ALC COr7- elfements but tea reduction of the process fo /7s essenria/ elernenrs : due ta @ gerera/” Junction xnewr as habsrvatior) T+Ww3S otudy purely guanrira tive. Method of transfer” rier Qiscussed thru adequate psy - + 1 S.£s741ig lengths of lin + Qa li7y 40 percelre WES ForS inches Sovd. CON*WTIUNG ¢ and 1, Sand p,\# ferceprion of words, £< and 2 © ead Tr,2anrd +), conramning ‘e and =: S53-SEF% 1@W, Vo/ 8: PS, 27 /GO/ NY Hon and perception w il 2 _usspeled word4s. Perceiving £nglish accuracy 25% as much “7 Cervied 177 rhe (7¢f/verci/1g t\\-choleg/ca/ dara. es Of various forms. | oe As. VEr LS. ~ FS. aS 142 TG Serres. WITTIETICEA TUIIOF1IOVIS. 7 x f factions studied | aS iad ag of other : ves Series ‘reduction Of H10H0 There are rio genera! furec- SS 072 Closezy reared} oF speech. eld eels on1358103 70%, VOVIS, AS @4FENS1I01L, Power a On eee en Fore, OY observar/ern, 2cCuracy, ere. 0 3 V0, 1CrCAIE 1/1 OMISSIONS 3 BS | 44(verice of prac- SVL.S tralned wi7. Sub.J. (TX 7esr. Ave. LHuUs10 The W031002 GIAAVAMY S|lFZ26E2 Oe spire OF KVATYIFID N Wee on +442 SITEVG GBO Prials OF aac ha = ¢6/rm. 224 Jesr « P| CEATED, gue Porro a proce 3S off CoTIMIS/IOS. a ~ Net vie WiowercL = 4 mm. 90°, : = 59.017 (or) F719 53mm F0°%; vagment but 40 @ Perceprya/ aie e Wo, tae RA Li 1 ; On £19.68 mm Fo fis 7z Orotess, Judgment Eannor'ao : ~ 4ULUS/1019 B Sub. £ 4rai1ed with Aest = 58.7 mm, Z29=E7.3m Yor an Observer wWPpar rus? be AAS in S00 rri@/s of Fig. ; - dere by pracrtite.” Absrrac7e NINE x Sub. £.(017 F19: 53 mm. Fo?) (déas tabmnor rane 1422 p/ace OW] S]y XN SYP pest, AFE.SHOFION = Of Mirecr perceprva/ experience. \] AIS . Sea) oe 2y jog aa Ze EAS Si iidil ie I let tc ges : andard /, : EGG Kn WICH toon ce mn @ per- ° C ses Se if nares 3 atrer “1500 711213) = 53 mm, ceptuva/ bce ss Wd Yor £e-n ef ey REAL \ EQ! (7#35E/F FO (PTTOSPECTIO/. er colgve 11765 ) There was rrarrzgrer OF Pracr aT ofl /. Tested for At+sCcritm-\t. 47 Aays tras Subjecnp TIAT1 O07, OF SHAMES OF GrAYIY? AIS CITPI'F10172 OF nay 3 serves of 35 rind bighs GSOUVIA /477ECAS/I7F/IECS each, off 3 separate adays|\(4o0 judgments per Aay Appararyvs = Adarbe Color tetal +rarv17g 1witer” va/= S57 Aays. Appara- GY Suhy.s gawied re- \l. Contro/ hel yi ##%0,, 6.6 Yo, Scene eee 00%, 27.870, anarerage OI al/lry, 7./ Ve, ‘ 4 ofo Gain s7271ME, Zi=SVO/- CL. Al cr B.S. L(Exp't eating wrth, SENS Or y~AUMISCFINUNATIOL7 dara) Trt/Vence of 7 TAMVUHIG 147 2ACHIO+? 4o Sound st1rHU//. O17 erfcey 179 dA13Cr1 491174 — fVIVEHI AS TFG Gp: Ver Cr A. ex plaira ¢Aire 177 TOS PeCr/on (largely unre ported) thar Svbjecrive changes toon face that (49a cared, rravraister lt StAINMI0/1, FO 17ICL EASE ie ftey, wth brightness st/(me/r AETORS) COLT ANIGLER Aare.. S- Ye Gan sa pine Contro/ Sv&), 2. Concludes FraAr pracr/ice //7 Card sorrthg Fa 1 site G e > ewri ser C77 OFF 5 Pcs DE ly GA as By ASA: ok atrEen7s/1On and @ Cormse — vent power, of COvICENT Ta — Ying atrentior thrvour whofe Sser/es. HF ” Wanster 7actOrS GLC GEIIETG rather tAQGN sPpEcla/. NWSpecif1re METAOAS Of proce- AUTE, OFJ 21712471007, forrmma- 7410/7 Of LUGD/?7, Pabl7rs.e7c., C.+A.desiGNned tS Expr. w7. burpose of elirniriatlts71g al , WaentiCal 2férme Nps” Coriclt S10, relly cop7ztrol/e gd By ovr Anow/eaqge./vVdg- Me@ChAIzIVCA/ ALEVICES, se Z Weractice 117 Card se meNTS MAAC 177 # Car (177g on effty of rye UME EA (ae 410170 OF b©1Ght 17ESS ‘ 7US>= Sound pend/ < 1220 224% 10% 21o garr resp’ ly: ‘habstuarofp, 2-amore econo yer dealing with % Ras ede TOrier7 ey sStanr a+ferences No.érrore ‘ A aN as “— ee ee Ta cae aie Var cr ‘e be cnr) a7 actor S “for jest: oe Ni ‘, Nene: 0-| 99.5- 7 \#L8-| 8%0|| A7PV% See775 Fo | ; 3 peed ILA Ag hei k Zh ‘ (72 TYPE WITEL CeEAl-\al procedure of rhe in fir 8t ¥ cs vi on? We To2| 2 | -s\Vresring essential prpcess oN\t12d by dara. These could bé ha htt.) Zp7lverIce 0 Q Sion, Aeacriorv Care- |svuecrs be/ng with ag test : Unessentia/ £acrors. SUSt as well dESCrILCEA AS} Q I FeCEACHIOINS. SA HAG COVAS USO Arffey snaw FEs7rs Uastrow cabiner. MICASUL EU Oy PlaAPSCF \F000 cards ar each Yime and number of WUbyecr (rota! 4rY in 2 yerral=F#+0 Ways. F ira Ln7res'ns recorded arrer each YVAGMCLAS 14 Or7e Palr OF Sere. arrer errrire serves ir orhers Coover,/. £. and ‘Angell Fl gS ts 4 Intlverice of 4raviug som pared rarrous lengrtih Blind rolded subj. 71a! . Meadiar) error /72 mm, ipl. Resu/f Is agat7ra7 tramsfer.|| LZ) exp. 2, content, fora7 iy MSWlva avscripa'tior) of 4rn7 With stand Grbs (25 cr.) ed 170 SEerrting Movable xp.2 Says results dervirirely|| + procedure are a/rnosr /- » Sel] orements on accura ie ested G/SCr. of raixtvres apparatus at 37274 @ |\\ Neone\|Be Marsan ty 172 AIC AL @ Pla@7>*S TL Er aBerrt/Ca/. FProbab/e rharals -V SScy 77 wsva/ discr of ofredr white,(b) yellow 4 AWstasices. _ ; : After Trg _t1t 2 Abe c. Trapt she WSC e, | Garr? Carr bE accovwry+ed sor x x {esl 42729775: ett \oreen, () crange + black Kq2.Trained with rarylNg Banned: Sis Vi oste7 Pireh pot commensurate with thry practice 172 TESH Serrey “ SOS 2.Zrrvence of 779/11 pW ces of p/7ch, (EJ discr of |Satvurarior7s of b/vEe . Rangg off Error. that/i7 color. ; WAM these rests shoulda be y N] oO SWaser cf AHF 't sarera - a) | fengths,(f)MATHING As, |jand white,/ hour b Bef) (tives @) 6.7 Pate ae 3. NWotrans*#er from visval \\Contreol/edA 17? order xo Q LL] Sieg] 7279 er ove on ascr Maen G/arna move't. per ween for 22 wKs, QAfter, .6 40.7 Wa ro 20] 8 +o/. torneter pracr/ce. Matwe B's coric/v3/0ns. Gs g <1 3/e* lox mixtures of other Appararvs = 441 /tor7 - 4 A Corrclvdaes Gal77 47) rrioror : QorrcsU 3/072 177 EXP. a CE y - 82 olers,d1¥ferences /77 3.7ested for accuracy /77 Bradley Co/or whee. Betore 24A t06.0|5-4oF.2% | 227077 7.2 fo 6.4 Speed ond accuracy dve Aa — specially UNSAFE YQ oss Plitchy W13Cr, Of 12797h8, reproducing stardard (9f/3ehil/dren judged 3a7- LAHer. 48 40 751 1-7 t02-9| 5 7018) 3-2 ro 5.3 rectly fo r4rreartavrHg 1/7 rype — y : 83 el ae, AS, arn? move7. by GAT? nove 7eny. “Werirerr of 11ner + § avare 2 Wht H 2SPOTtPaGNG. | . Lr. WG. 117 AISCT, of g Tested BoM hy 13? marn - outer A/SHS. | oS. Trg, ‘ : cf Says 4°a/791709 1) O77€ /otha of herizontal sine 1799 AS, (b) tracing @ 11AZE,B. Fracticed # H17e3 /2e, Sek). F 25% Correctyuagts. 25 Ve cr tunrcrior? may acrvally 4777 - () b/secting Peorizoental tpeweer Sor Eweeus WwW G0YO OD marKking dors. reproducing (wth per - SY length of Sand tine on revolvirig Arum. Above 1000 JUG? - MENTS. $? Bros regular 7rgGg J2COULSE 142 FOUCh pyyperrtZG + shorthand. on ability to reproduce Stand lengrhs by hand rreve/siery, t Intl. ot 9 703,479 117 touch tyPEewr t+ Gr Shorr- arid con al) -77 mark - (1G 43, tracing AMAZE, bisecting horizorital 117 MIP KIAG Aor s pede proper deve/oprierr and ACL1IO1? OF An07TAET *« FO7CTS IOS? . traclAG WIAZE, 22A%e, b/3e¢ HAD 10785, Pre 20°? sr speed + 6%0 1) ACCYYAaCY, MrarHning Laroratory MS WAdprvence of #7177, 1. DUB. ested For accurey /. Suby. +ravied 177 bit trk No statistics oO fxp.l. GA 9a) 477, accuracy was\rerracrtiofa gare decided resid’ x |j@ccunacy of hand mover of Aitting paralle/ 117EéS5 Nines with hand 17 enw are Glren SAowrr ae al res (17 Serles.\\A/ 2 faror Of rrar7ed Group. under certain corra’4/or7s with hard VISCEN. . Subs. FANE 177 Cb- is ‘ There was 7ravmarer of effecteon FT argues for iprerfering ef- or7 Savz7E sHll/ Wider Orbe, Z. DRJS. rested for accy-|serving geom. 41 gures. Critique of conditions! AGH ITAG. FU/ICHI OSS WIV MVER ae fect of Specia/ F0AILIIVIG 7767 ta lite 13 Compact, every experi = ence has possi bi/ity of gerie a1 ZartIot). Sleight pomrs cur that Judd presEera7s Py PothestS of a general nemory Ferrcrior7 ferrered by pracrice by rama- 410? OF specific Se wId 410193, #- Trt lence yw ¢rg in cbhserving form or Geomn.figures, 3-7L/. 1rg (re theory of refrac torr ort abiliFy to Air Kargers placed unde r warer, WIC Ae PEVIACIIE, A7A S 1170 1777 —| proverrient ot ferrererce ia tare Place. EXP.2. Knowledge o. rare of Pregréss, /ICLCASES Ones ACY Of COSCr¢VA710/) OF \3.77gG. Group given a To test Crfrecr OF sub - \effect of prac figures. 3. Beth Groups |+rhoro explanariovra of Jecrs haring Knowledge oN #1ce or2 Arm- tested for accuracy of |\the principles oF thelr rate Of progress, se/%,-the orte MUItHAG targer Wider, @) \ refractory, (77 Expl. the svbsecrt had\had ro such te of “Wwarer, (@) + of are. Yo nnowledge of 475 Pro- \HXnowledge. accuracy of cre'$ aagjyusrmenr v- YS of Warer gress 17 Exp. 2% one svbf—zoneran? sulbjag| thus Peeper OF prac7ice. made 10 gal] \\kx j 9 Privaciples oF 3 PCC/a. Lduc. Fev1venw, ScholHow and .3. 7FA/P1NG 12 Acguired sn/l/ of avery 4AM SVOL/ESS FEsted 177 V4. 779 Group practiced Expl In tra series Yo of (77) - eS ALpAverce of 47 G/17 1e- “ / | CON. Gp. irre \ < DIM: 1919 tO FIAT 15 Of\ CarrceHiNg various ports Of| #o-45 perday For ve |pererse Ww? speed ranges froin 10or 142 °12171@/\\ Ssorx Goes rmMvence Other ac- Y speech £5FOM (VID FED AGO (4 FAVS,,AT_ (Ar N19) ~ x / +0 164; ave.= 69%. Ip Test\ test. Shows \invities,in these tests (7 deci > x yp 2 ieee 90’ on +wo Gayy| es And P'S : yn Seri 63, TR GGaned ony lDholtl gatre 177 AU parry fy hiprdered achyevernient BY or N Nowe Ps Sy IP) Certaly par7rs of Speech. “\o4 speech? 077 22 Boer Vy ana SIIGIT LY 172C°r EAS -|| > Tested i? ability fo vb R Fractice gyrel 171, SUbHS4 SR Ta Ca 3 a FES7. Wed “+ Ly another Implies(wi/A RX S ‘Si/rufe symbols Fer aigitsisptuting Aigits For \O~ WPraein Wotg qgits tor letters Vmpyr ia esr Serie Judd r Argel) tliat “rrbrisper Ge { ve : and agit3 for Symbols. \lersers; days of practice: \ \Wuby-Frac. Zmprovey, Wis? “S3mbor|| be explained / terms of arren > - My vary from / to 20 | Ree 2 / 193.6 t/O%?+ =e, ae S € ULSI FUFING Wyts Ce Frese/t3 expressed /) rwmidayg13 subjects aving®. * j in general, relative tranbfer x Ss |evers(7 presse) Cn ab// ber srrvucn ovt or Svbst-|\/0 days. > SS red /improve's approxi marely i MW Ay 40 sebstitute syni- tuted per ra/rure. 7 { - Sg alle/s the exterit of A18777 OU P0K : f/ Gs Gone jibe or rhe learning pertods fercent of Svuccesstu/ conyro/ For 127 The effect ef rrG, LUuric — 20 Ways arEeragEed _ FOV) 227 20 days \\woned or7 rhe Unpracticed |\/éa/ rendericies and menta/ averaged 62 VC, IL 7° days arereed \\eye. Causes of trranzrer: Agenarri rudes. Unused rervria rend 82%, Again Of 4270 17) BH. - eral aispos/tiora to rneer a \|led so respond 7 harmony nw HVE SILVQ@T1IO1I, EFLEChS OF prac\Central PLE Q1S Por/710/2, Cer7arrr Wwrce are Cenrral, training of orE|perripheral elentanits a/So0 were | ia used conzyorrrly. G2F4O TIBI 172 COP - 4rOWING FEVETSIO2I5, (72 3 Perods OF 20 aays each. Or1// fook Place, halt hovtr AAtlY. Intlverice Of 76r ‘A /4) monecc{ar Coritrol of reversions (yr) revers/bfé pers pecrire ovrl/17é2. (CChjecrs SUCh a? pyra- t/a, Poor, ere.) 7 WAMI), AE. V.£.P(¥1. 16 B) Lniflverice of 4rg Orr guicnress of wisval oerce Prion: Fart 1, rarg of artentior, Fart 2, | range of apprehers/o A PPAITATUS = TACHESTOSC OPE, arth Cards contalring — BG & or7 printed (Fs exposed fo each ob. For orrenyy, of rrater1al, ease Of @ss/n- VAATMMO, Group17Q, 1/Aear/ onal AY Pes. 4 2 Traine Ovrar/or) = .08 second. criptron. (0) 6 seconds psych fart 24A)F5 second exposvure|exposure of ob/secro. Of /- Fors, 2-picetures; 3— experiment covered F Tay pertods, over 6 weens /m Oran 9)\ €.6| 6.3 + Bertry.|/0.7| 145 Cer 2 : Lracrti1ce, beyoriaA rhar ave re Gaa1pta tion ad assiijarive We- = £12 tidiZa (TELE kee ee 4 Fracrice with ove 3e@? of coma rrons Yunctions with new set only s+ pro- (Perrier to the tember of ‘1denrr~ CA/ Abi A y-Conay H0101017Q rTacrors prerenr pz thE Fro BEEPS. Some PrICHs are vaAl/@ less 77 IEW SITU a7rions. Specifle pracrice 15 de - Manded for 0@3sr resu/4*A5 ard gucHly becomes effective, } CONCIUASI OFA DAS CA Oo) HP215 STL must not b€ eExTEended beyond BAO FS i warning U7der /abera- Tory ConA FIOrS. Feesens Lor srrprove men a /-conn dence of Ao1ng o77E6S 2-ramiyarity witty marerlar, -Geve/oomern 4 of MMELMOGS or MISH OYOLITIG ACT C71 Ody F-WD — anizationy of +riexns” for recal/, COUNAING, GLOUPIAG, EFC, fresu/ts hs il Phe ese 112 OVE FIT ST O 0, 6 %o 36 Vefare, = 15 Yo), F Aes AQaID Over 229° CF from 9 %0 19 Pefare = 7 Yo) ThE GAIHS WITA? SENSE tnarer/a/ were relatively S177A// (10 Ve), WIT A PIOFKS C1252 aterjal Felarively great U26 Ye). 79 Seriego were 7he 1@7 +0 208 Se1/25 \MIAYSIVE, SYUL/2CTI FECENMEH HA PIFES3/07/7H OF, 1- postr ora OF AOFS, 2- POlyg ors, 3 -FIGures line +rées,4-req/ ob- S CCLS (ChUTCHES, 70VSES €: S-laborarory foofo, 7ora/ prac7rice =FO frours, covering /0 ween. | Apparatus = TachISTOSC OPE: Entire experiment Cons/st ed Of 25 serres Of Exposure Jes? 3E71€S PHIAAE UP CK % the 4irst & and_ rhe %® last & serres. Lhtlverice IF 46a1tuU11g} 109 VISUQLIZINIG O17 ability to répresenr VP IIPIAG EC, 1170 PLE3S/ORS receritly GIVE 17) - SeONSATIOTA ’ 2 g9°rad vate Stuiddanh 1? PIY EP W 2, W-21) CorneW | = = ls (5 (PIM PIVUTES 7TO CA® aAay ror 7/8 weer. } Loboraror if aa = 2st ArH FTAUHUIG GIVE? hy reacher of Class. ,7 type Of marerial Used. Sexpo-| Sethod @s +77 Tet Sure cf printed Caras by | Serres’ ” ae teacher. C1QSS ASNEA Fo re-|/ produce AV rhey cov/d Fre. cal, 5 rear series 9/vVeN 4 separared bY, 5S weens 29CHA, OVE 70T EAP Crd 0 2222 27 2 Believes FTG 1779S per- PIAIICTIF LY ALLELEDU + rHeAaT i A phe TS er recr of || Ved Cerra” wevr2ra/ rrah e. CO WEEMS A7GQ| Cx€rCessed” ‘ *er ra thar of (Lf rerv, Range 73 Spread Fo orher Func rons” \l\i exper: eta eoaren ovres Fro 2.9 Horo 6.0 Ve), THETEC (SQ Close hesser mmarvurity OF COVGER VTestricred evi #erce O- Correlatrog berwesf) School @btiity ard\alrEers Of comes OF experiment POSSt OLY OF LAIST ECr e4rfey/n visval appre henstor. Binet, \WWealirng With effecr of prolong Noe MSCUS510N OF rhe Qaer- Card-of- objects” test W705. earner 779 oO | to Art (Whipple + Fosrer S0ov1d\; Cres Or 4rransrer.” ; ‘Sze ‘e oer%e ° 3 : Extension) of Whipple x Fosrer (AQbore), FO Schoo/ CcAI/d ren, Gerer- a/ study or) ‘efrect of Practice o77 ViSva/ qP Wehne7s/or7,” Contain scrme marer/a/ rele vVdrT ro problem of 47 ar Ker eles apg aS da Bie Pada case 1Age JO” exposure oF card. Are, 3Co Ave. RCCord = 46.000, A90= A775) ecorA:-H-41b. Fas| Of +9 GP = S13 thar oF Con 4£ffece of 4G 077 schoo/ Worn showed \|Gp worn of 224 4er77 (@frer 7739) GlHays ber | 19/4 Corncl/ \Aar/ 77. Dellen Lacy? Schoo/roon7](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b32846782_0151.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
